Mapeamento cromoss?mico de DNAs repetitivos com fins biotecnol?gicos em peixes marinhos e interesse comercial - Rachycentridae e Lutjanidae

• Main Author: Costa, Gide?o Wagner Werneck F?lix da
• Other Authors: 56615043491
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 2016
• Subjects: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS: BIOTECNOLOGIA; Piscicultura marinha; DNA repetitivos; Processos biotecnol?gicos; Lutjanidae; Rachycentridae
• Online Access: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20109

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No. of bitstreams: 1 GideaoWagnerWerneckFelixDaCosta_TESE.pdf: 33028395 bytes, checksum: c76578cb5fe3374f5e7f53e880cb6679 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq === A esp?cie Rachycentron canadum, conhecida popularmente como beijupir? ou cobia, ? o ?nico representante da fam?lia Rachycentridae o qual vem sendo crescentemente utilizado na piscicultura marinha, em cultivos intensivos. Como caracter?sticas vantajosas, ? de f?cil adapta??o, prol?fica, possui crescimento precoce em cativeiro e elevado valor comercial. J? as esp?cies da fam?lia Lutjanidae (Lutjanus synagris, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus analis, Lutjanus alexandrei e Ocyurus chrysurus) representam um importante recurso pesqueiro em todas as ?reas de sua ocorr?ncia. No Brasil a explora??o comercial dos Lutjanidae que se iniciou na d?cada de 60 e nos anos 80 j? demonstrava um decl?nio nos volumes de captura. Este fato aponta que os lutjan?deos devem possuir um manejo conservativo. Apesar dos potencias econ?micos, pouco se conhece sobre as caracter?sticas gen?ticas e citogen?ticas destas esp?cies, principalmente no que diz respeito a an?lise de DNAs repetitivos, os quais que representam a maior parte do genoma dos eucariotos e sendo responsaveis por importantes papeis evolutivos no genoma dos peixes. Dados citogen?ticos vem crescentemente sendo empregados em estudos populacionais e com fins biotecnol?gicos em peixes. As analises citogen?ticas foram realizadas utilizando m?todos cl?ssicos como colora??o com Giemsa, bandamento C e Ag-RONs, colora??o com os fluorocromos base-espec?ficos (DAPI e MM) e mapeamento cromoss?micos de sequ?ncias repetitivas dentre as quais, sequ?ncias telom?ricas, transposons (Tol2), retrotransposons (Rex1 e Rex3), DNA repetitivos (Cot-1 e microssat?lites) e das regi?es transcricionalmente ativas dos genes ribossomais 18S e 5S e histonas (H2BA e H3), atrav?s da hibrida??o in situ com sondas fluorescentes (FISH). Os padr?es cromoss?micos obtidos contribu?ram para o conhecimento da organiza??o das sequ?ncias repetitivas no genoma das esp?cies, bem como a diferencia??o cariot?pica. Padr?es incomuns de expans?o de sequ?ncias hist?nicas retratam a primeira ocorr?ncia em peixes marinhos. Os dados obtidos fornecem subs?dios para o conhecimento gen?tico dos importantes recurso pesqueiros representados pelas esp?cies aqui analisadas, com vistas a auxiliar o desenvolvimento da piscicultura marinha. === The Rachycentron canadum species, commonly known as beijupir? or cobia is the only representative of Rachycentridae family which has been increasingly used in marine fish farming, in intensive cultivation. As advantageous features it has easy adaptation, prolific behavior, early growth in captivity and high commercial value. Additionally, specie of Lutjanidae family (Lutjanus synagris, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus analis, Lutjanus alexandrei and Ocyurus chrysurus) represents an important fisheries resource in all areas of its occurrence. In Brazil, the commercial exploitation of Lutjanidae which begun in the 60's and 80's, already has showed a decline in catch volumes. This fact suggests that the snappers must have a conservative management. Despite the economic potential, little is known about the genetic and cytogenetic characteristics of these species, especially with respect to repetitive DNA analysis, which represents the major part of the eukaryotes genome, playing important evolutionary roles in the fish genome. Cytogenetic data is increasingly being used in population studies and biotechnological purposes in fishes. The cytogenetical analyzes were performed using classical methods such as Giemsa staining, C-banding and Ag-NORs, fluorochromes base-specific staining (DAPI and MM) and physical mapping of repetitive sequences among which, telomeric sequences, transposons (Tol2), retrotransposons (Rex1 and Rex3), repetitive DNA (microsatellites and Cot-1) and transcriptionally active regions of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes and histone (H3 and H2BA) by in situ hybridization with fluorescent probes (FISH). The chromosomal patterns obtained contributed to the organization of repetitive sequences in the genome of the species, as well as karyotypical differentiation. Unusual patterns of histone sequences expansion depict the first occurrence in marine fishes. The obtained data provided subsides to the genetic knowledge of the important fisheries resource represented by the species here analyzed, seeking the marine pisciculture improvement.