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Previous issue date: 2015-04-17 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq === Envenenamentos causados por animais pe?onhentos s?o um grave problema de
sa?de p?blica, enquadrando-se nesse cen?rio, principalmente, os escorpi?es e as
serpentes. Tityus serrulatus ? considerado o escorpi?o mais venenoso da America
do Sul, devido ? alta toxicidade do seu veneno, respons?vel por causar acidentes
graves, principalmente em crian?as. A esp?cie Bothrops jararaca ? uma serpente
que possui no seu veneno uma mistura complexa de enzimas, pept?deos e outras
mol?culas. As toxinas do veneno de B. jararaca induzem respostas inflamat?rias
locais e sist?micas. O tratamento de escolha para os casos graves de
envenenamento ? a administra??o intravenosa do antiveneno especifico. Por?m,
nem sempre esse tratamento est? acess?vel para os moradores de zonas rurais, que
fazem uso de extratos de plantas medicinais. Nesse contexto, extratos aquosos,
fra??es e compostos isolados de Aspidosperma pyrifolium (pereiro) e Ipomoea
asarifolia (salsa), usadas na medicina popular, foram objeto de estudo deste trabalho
para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamat?ria nos modelos de peritonite induzida por
carragenina e peritonite induzida pelo veneno de T. serrulatus (VTs), e nos no
modelo de edema local e infiltrado inflamat?rio induzido pelo veneno de B. jararaca,
administrados pela via intravenosa. Os resultados dos ensaios de citotoxidade
utilizando o ensaio MTT demonstraram que os extratos aquosos das esp?cies
vegetais apresentaram baixa toxicidade para c?lulas provenientes de fibroblasto de
embri?o de camundongo (3T3). A an?lise qu?mica dos extratos por Cromatografia
L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia revelou a presen?a do flavon?ide rutina, na A. pyrifolium, e
rutina, ?cido clorog?nico e ?cido caf?ico, na I. asarifolia. Quanto ? avalia??o
farmacol?gica, os resultados demonstraram que o pr?-tratamento com extratos
aquosos e fra??es reduziram a migra??o de leuc?citos totais para a cavidade
abdominal no modelo de peritonite causada por carragenina e no modelo de
peritonite induzida por veneno de T. serrulatus. Ainda, esses grupos apresentaram
atividade antiedematog?nica, no modelo de edema local causado pelo veneno de B.
jararaca, e reduziram o infiltrado inflamat?rio para o m?sculo. Os soros (antiaracn?dico
e anti-botr?pico) espec?ficos para cada veneno atuaram inibindo a a??o
inflamat?ria dos venenos e foram utilizados como controles. Os compostos
identificados nos extratos, rutina, ?cido clorog?nico e ?cido caf?ico, tamb?m foram
testados e, assim como os extratos das plantas, exibiram efeitos anti-inflamat?rios
significativos, nas doses testadas. Dessa forma, esses resultados d?o evid?ncias, ?s
plantas estudadas, de potencial atividade anti-inflamat?ria. Esse ? o primeiro estudo
que avaliou os poss?veis efeitos terap?uticos de A. pyrifolium e I. asarifolia,
mostrando o potencial terap?utico que essas esp?cies possuem. === Envenomation caused by venomous animals, mainly scorpions and snakes, are a
serious matter of public health. Tityus serrulatus is considered the most venomous
scorpion in South America because of the high level of toxicity of its venom. It is
responsible for causing serious accidents, mainly with kids. The species Bothrops
jararaca is a serpent that has in its venom a complex mixture of enzyme, peptides
and other molecules. The toxins of the venom of B. jararaca induce local and
systemic inflammatory responses. The treatment chosen to serious cases of
envenomation is the intravenous administration of the specific antivenom. However,
the treatment is not always accessible to those residents in rural areas, so that they
use medicinal plant extracts as the treatment. In this context, aqueous extracts,
fractions and isolated compounds of Aspidosperma pyrifolium (pereiro) and Ipomoea
asarifolia (salsa, salsa-brava), used in popular medicine, were studied in this
research to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in the peritonitis models induced
by carrageenan and peritonitis induced by the venom of the T. serrulatus (VTs), and
in the local oedema model and inflammatory infiltrate induced by the venom of the B.
jararaca, administrated intravenously. The results of the assays of cytotoxicity, using
the MTT, showed that the aqueous extracts from the plant species presented low
toxicity to the cells that came from the fibroblast of the mouse embryo (3T3).The
chemical analysis of the extracts by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
revealed the presence of the rutin flavonoid, in A. pyrifoliu, and rutin, clorogenic acid
and caffeic acid, in I. asarifolia. Concerning the pharmacological evaluation, the
results showed that the pre-treatment using aqueous extracts and fractions reduced
the total leukocyte migration to the abdominal cavity in the peritonitis model caused
by the carrageenan and in the peritonitis model induced by the T. serulatus venom.
Yet, these groups presented anti-oedematous activity, in the local oedema model
caused by the venom of the B. jararaca, and reduced the inflammatory infiltrate to the
muscle. The serum (anti-arachnid and anti-bothropic) specific to each venom acted
inhibiting the inflammatory action of the venoms and were used as control. The
compounds identified in the extracts were also tested and, similar to the plant
extracts, showed meaningful anti-inflammatory effects, in the tested doses. Thus,
these results are indicating the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the plants
studied. This is the first research that evaluated the possible biological effects of the
A. pyrifolium and I. asarifolia, showing the biological potential that these species
have.
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