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Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES === As novas estrat?gias de desenvolvimento devem atuar principalmente nas ?reas de efici?ncia
energ?tica e agricultura sustent?vel. Desta forma, a substitui??o de combust?veis f?sseis por
biocombust?veis, como o biodiesel, est? cada vez mais em pauta. O cultivo de plantas
oleaginosas para a produ??o de biodiesel deve acontecer em sistemas integrados que
permitam melhores benef?cios ambientais e sejam mais significativos socioeconomicamente.
Assim, os objetivos do presente estudo foram: avaliar as caracter?sticas morfoanat?micas e
fisiol?gicas de plantas de c?rtamo (Carthamus tinctorius L., oleaginosa promissora para a
produ??o de biodiesel) cultivadas em monocultivo e em cons?rcio com o feij?o caupi (Vigna
unguiculata L. Walp.); al?m de caracterizar socioeconomicamente agricultores familiares e
verificar a aceita??o deles acerca do c?rtamo como cultura energ?tica. A metodologia
utilizada para as an?lises de crescimento do c?rtamo em monocultivo e consorciado com o
feij?o, foram an?lises morfoanat?micas e histoqu?micas, feitas com amostras de plantas
cultivadas em campo, nos dois sistemas de cultivo. N?o houve altera??es no crescimento e
anatomia das plantas, mesmo em cons?rcio, o que ? satisfat?rio para indicar o sistema
consorciado para essas culturas e pode ser uma boa alternativa para o produtor familiar, que
pode ter o c?rtamo como fonte de renda, sem precisar abdicar de plantar sua fonte de
subsist?ncia. Para a verifica??o da aceita??o do c?rtamo por agricultores, foram feitas
entrevistas a agricultores familiares da agrovila Canudos, em Cear?-Mirim/RN. Percebeu-se
que boa parte deles aceitam a introdu??o do c?rtamo como cultura oleaginosa, apesar de
desconhecerem a esp?cie, al?m de que, por ser mais resistente ? seca, o c?rtamo auxiliaria na
estabilidade das fam?lias, que dependem das condi??es do clima para o sucesso de seus
cultivos atuais. De maneira geral, conclui-se que o c?rtamo possui caracter?sticas que o
permite ser cultivado em cons?rcio para a produ??o de biodiesel aliada ? produ??o de
alimentos, como o feij?o caupi, e pode ser utilizado possibilitando melhor desenvolvimento
para a agricultura familiar. === The new development strategies should operate mainly in the areas of energy efficiency and
sustainable agriculture. Thus, the substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel,
is increasingly on the agenda. The cultivation of oilseed plants for biodiesel production must
take place in integrated systems that enable best environmental benefits and are more
economically significant. The objectives of this study were to assess the morphological,
anatomic, and physiological characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L., promising
oilseed for biodiesel production) grown in monoculture and intercropping with cowpea bean
(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.); and identify socioeconomic family farmers and verify their
acceptance about safflower as an energy crop. The methodology used for the analysis of
safflower growth in monoculture and intercropped with beans, were morphoanatomical and
histochemical analyzes, made with samples of plants grown in the field in two cropping
systems throughout the range of the life cycle of these plants. There were no changes in
growth and anatomy of plants, even in the consortium, which is satisfactory to indicate the
intercropping system for those crops and can be a good alternative for the family farmer, who
may have safflower as a source of income without giving up planting their livelihood. To
check the acceptance of safflower by farmers, interviews were made to family farmers by
Canudos agrovila in Cear?-Mirim/RN. It was noticed that many of them accept the
introduction of safflower as oil crop, although unaware of the species, and that, being more
resistant to drought, safflower help in the stability of families who depend on the weather
conditions for success their current crops. In general, it is concluded that safflower has
features that allows it to be grown in consortium for biodiesel production combined with the
production of food, such as cowpea, and can be used enabling better development for family
farmers.
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