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Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 === The conservation of natural resources is essential and constitutes the main subject of
many researches, which characterize important aspects concerning the environmental
alterations in the ground, water, landscape and socioeconomic information. This study aimed
to investigate the anthropogenic input of heavy metals in the environment, in the area of the
Parelhas dump site and in part of the Serid? River and to determine the concentration of
heavy metals in the sediments. This can result in risk to the environment and human health. In
addition, we sought to establish the socioeconomic profile of rural communities adjacent to
Serid? River and to comprehend the perception of these dwellers about the changes in the
places they live. The area of this study is located in the city of Parelhas/RN, in the centralsouthern
part of the State, in the micro-region of the Oriental Serid?. This area comprehends
the place where the dump site is located, next to RN 086, the Caldeir?o dam, the Quintos river
called by local citizens Caldeir?o creek and part of Serid? river, perpetuated by the
Boqueir?o dam, which crosses the city and it includes the rural communities of Almas,
Domingas, Sussuarana II and Colonos. Regarding the study with bottom sediments, the
samples were collected and taken to the laboratory of geochemistry, where they were dried,
sieved, weighted and submitted to weak acid attack. The analysis of heavy metals was held by
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - Flame AAS. We applied 23 closed questionnaires
constituted by 38 questions to collect informations in the rural communities, oriented to
establish the socioeconomic profile and the environmental perception of the participants. The
participants were distributed in the communities of Almas (1), Domingas (2), Sussuarana II
(10) and Colonos (10). Most of them presented similar socioeconomic profiles. They are from
45 to 60 years old and live in these localities for 20 to 30 years or more. The families are
composed by 3 or 4 people; the agriculture is the main activity, livestock is the secondary and
48% of them earn the minimal wage. Regarding the environmental perception, the
participants can realize some changes in vegetation, soil, water and landscape. People living
longer in the community, and with more years of experience on the local reality can perceive
the depletion of the soil, pastures and changes in the landscape. These changes portray how
the place was previously and what it represents today. The perception of these changes,
besides the environmental ones, includes others concerning the increasing number of dwellers
in the last years, as well as the number of houses. The changes happened through activities
developed by the dwellers over the years, including agricultural practices, livestock, grass
planting and even the cultivation of cotton. The study provided the acquisition of new data
about the environmental reality of this region. It can subsidize the definition of public policies
that can be implemented from the perspective of conservation of water resources and of the
coexistence and survival of man in the semi-arid === A conserva??o dos recursos naturais ? essencial e constitui o objeto principal de v?rias
pesquisas, que caracterizam aspectos importantes concernentes ?s altera??es ambientais do
solo, da ?gua, na paisagem e informa??es socioecon?micas. Este estudo objetivou investigar o
aporte antropog?nico de metais pesados para o meio ambiente, na ?rea de influ?ncia do lix?o
do munic?pio de Parelhas e em um trecho do Rio Serid?, visando determinar a concentra??o
de metais pesados nos sedimentos, o que pode implicar em risco para o meio ambiente e a
sa?de humana. Al?m disso, buscou-se conhecer o perfil socioecon?mico dos moradores de
comunidades rurais adjacentes ao Rio Serid? e entender a percep??o destes moradores com
rela??o a mudan?as nos espa?os onde vivem. A ?rea do estudo situa-se no munic?pio de
Parelhas/RN localizado na Por??o Centro-sul do Estado, na Microrregi?o do Serid? Oriental.
A ?rea da pesquisa abrangeu o local onde se encontra o lix?o do munic?pio, situado ao lado da
RN 086, o A?ude Caldeir?o, o Rio Quintos denominado de Riacho Caldeir?o pelos
moradores locais e um trecho do Rio Serid?, importante rio perenizado pela Barragem
Boqueir?o, que corta o munic?pio e compreende ?s suas margens as comunidades rurais
Almas, Domingas, Sussuarana II e Colonos. No que se refere ao estudo com sedimentos das
drenagens, as amostras foram coletadas e levadas ao laborat?rio de geoqu?mica, onde foram
secas, peneiradas, pesadas e submetidas a ataque ?cido fraco. A leitura dos metais pesados foi
realizada por Espectrofot?metro de Absor??o At?mica AAS-CHAMA. Para coletar os
dados das comunidades rurais foram aplicados 23 question?rios constitu?dos de 38 perguntas
fixas, voltadas para o perfil socioecon?mico e percep??o ambiental dos participantes. Os
participantes foram distribu?dos nas comunidades Almas (1), Domingas (2), Sussuarana II
(10) e Colonos (10). A maioria dos entrevistados apresentou perfis socioecon?micos
semelhantes, residem no local de 20 a 30 anos, est?o na faixa et?ria de 45 e 60 anos ou mais;
as fam?lias s?o compostas de 3 a 4 pessoas, sendo a agricultura a atividade principal e a
pecu?ria a secundaria; 48% dos entrevistados ganham um sal?rio m?nimo. Com rela??o ?
percep??o ambiental dos entrevistados, estes conseguem perceber algumas mudan?as
ocorridas na vegeta??o, solo, ?gua, na paisagem. As pessoas com maior tempo de moradia na
comunidade e com mais anos de viv?ncia da realidade local podem perceber o desgaste do
solo, das pastagens, e as mudan?as na paisagem que retratam como o local era anteriormente e
o que hoje ele representa. A percep??o acerca das mudan?as, al?m das ambientais, inclui
outras concernentes ao aumento do n?mero de moradores e de resid?ncias. Essas mudan?as
ocorreram atrav?s de atividades desenvolvidas pelos residentes ao longo dos anos, as quais
incluem pr?ticas de agricultura, pecu?ria, plantio de capim e at? mesmo a cotonicultura. O
estudo propiciou a aquisi??o de novos dados sobre a realidade ambiental da regi?o, os quais
podem servir de subs?dio ? defini??o de pol?ticas p?blicas a serem implementadas sob a ?tica
da conserva??o dos recursos h?dricos, da conviv?ncia e sobreviv?ncia do homem no
semi?rido ===
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