Usos potenciais de moringa oleifera lam., uma matriz para produ??o de biodiesel e tratamento de ?gua no semi?rido nordestino

• Main Author: Silva, Beatriz Cavalcante da
• Other Authors: CPF:26948390889
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 2014
• Subjects: Moringa oleifera lam; Biodiesel; Anatomia vegetal; Qu?mica de ?leo vegetal; Coagulante natural; Moringa oleifera Lam; Vegetal anatomy; Seed oil chemical characteristics; Natural coagulant; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA DE ECOSSISTEMAS
• Online Access: http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18222

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizCS_DISSERT.pdf: 918722 bytes, checksum: b2749f09237c0c83efd7b3cc8847eed2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 === The current environmental crisis demands transformations in the relations among society, nature and development, considering sustainability. In this context, an important theme is replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a species that can be used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. Besides, it is a multiple purposes plant, which can be used also in water treatment. Thus, the aims of this work were to analyze the anatomical adaptations found in the stem and in the leaf and the seed s oil stores of M. oleifera., to investigate chemical characteristics of M. oleifera s seed oil, considering biodiesel production, and to evaluate the coagulation activity of these seeds in water treatment. Semipermanent histological laminas were made and it follows that the stem has thick cuticle, stomata whose cells guard are below the epidermis line, hollow medulla, druses and tector trichomes as adaptations to climate and soil conditions in which the species is found and the leaf is dorsiventral and it has thick cuticle, tector trichomes and druses. The seed has great reserves of oil. These features favor the use of Moringa oleifera Lam. as a raw material to produce biodiesel in Brazil s Northeast semiarid region. Chemical analysis were made through oil solvent extraction using mechanic stirrer. The oil was analyzed in UV spectrophotometer. A transesterification was made and biodiesel was analyzed in gas chromatography. Oil yield was high and good quality biodiesel was obtained. To evaluate seeds coagulantion activity, coagulation and flocculation essays in jartest were made, using seed extract to treat raw water. Seeds were efficient in cogulation process to treat water. So, they can be used in rudimentary systems or as a raw material to coagulant proteins extraction, as an alternative to traditional coagulants. M. oleifera has characteristics that favor its use to biodiesel production and water treatment === A crise ambiental que vivenciamos hoje exige que transformemos as rela??es entre sociedade, natureza e desenvolvimento, considerando a sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, um dos principais temas ? a substitui??o de combust?veis f?sseis por biocombust?veis, como o biodiesel. Uma potencial oleaginosa a ser utilizada como matriz para produ??o de biodiesel ? Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa), um vegetal de m?ltiplos usos que tamb?m pode ser utilizado para tratamento de ?gua. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: analisar as adapta??es anat?micas de caule e folha e as reservas ole?feras da semente de moringa, investigar caracter?sticas qu?micas do ?leo da semente de moringa, considerando a produ??o de biodiesel, e avaliar a fun??o coagulante dessas sementes no tratamento de ?gua. Foram confeccionadas l?minas histol?gicas semipermanentes, nas quais observou-se que o caule apresenta cut?cula espessa, est?matos abaixo da linha da epiderme, medula oca, drusas e tricomas tectores como adapta??es ?s condi??es edafoclim?ticas em que a esp?cie est? inserida, enquanto a folha ? dorsivental e possui cut?cula espessa, tricomas tectores e drusas. A semente, por sua vez, possui reservas ole?feras abundantes. Essas caracter?sticas favorecem o cultivo da moringa como matriz para produ??o de biodiesel no semi?rido nordestino. A avalia??o qu?mica foi realizada por meio de extra??o do ?leo com solvente via agita??o mec?nica e an?lise do ?leo em espectrofot?metro UV-Vis?vel. Foi feita a transesterifica??o do ?leo, com an?lise do biodiesel gerado por cromatografia gasosa. Obteve-se bom rendimento de ?leo e biodiesel de boa qualidade. Para avalia??o da atividade coagulante das sementes, foram realizados ensaios de coagula??o e flocula??o em jarteste, nos quais foi aplicado um extrato de sementes de moringa na ?gua a ser tratada. As sementes se mostraram eficientes no processo de coagula??o para tratamento de ?gua, podendo ser utilizadas diretamente em sistemas rudimentares de tratamento ou servindo como mat?ria-prima para a extra??o de prote?nas coagulantes a serem utilizadas em larga escala, como alternativas aos coagulantes tradicionais. Conclui-se que M. oleifera possui caracter?sticas que favorecem sua utiliza??o para as fun??es associadas de produ??o de biodiesel e tratamento de ?gua