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Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 === The current environmental crisis demands transformations in the relations among society,
nature and development, considering sustainability. In this context, an important theme is
replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a species that
can be used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. Besides, it is a multiple purposes plant,
which can be used also in water treatment. Thus, the aims of this work were to analyze the
anatomical adaptations found in the stem and in the leaf and the seed s oil stores of M.
oleifera., to investigate chemical characteristics of M. oleifera s seed oil, considering
biodiesel production, and to evaluate the coagulation activity of these seeds in water
treatment. Semipermanent histological laminas were made and it follows that the stem has
thick cuticle, stomata whose cells guard are below the epidermis line, hollow medulla, druses
and tector trichomes as adaptations to climate and soil conditions in which the species is
found and the leaf is dorsiventral and it has thick cuticle, tector trichomes and druses. The
seed has great reserves of oil. These features favor the use of Moringa oleifera Lam. as a raw
material to produce biodiesel in Brazil s Northeast semiarid region. Chemical analysis were
made through oil solvent extraction using mechanic stirrer. The oil was analyzed in UV
spectrophotometer. A transesterification was made and biodiesel was analyzed in gas
chromatography. Oil yield was high and good quality biodiesel was obtained. To evaluate
seeds coagulantion activity, coagulation and flocculation essays in jartest were made, using
seed extract to treat raw water. Seeds were efficient in cogulation process to treat water. So,
they can be used in rudimentary systems or as a raw material to coagulant proteins extraction,
as an alternative to traditional coagulants. M. oleifera has characteristics that favor its use to
biodiesel production and water treatment === A crise ambiental que vivenciamos hoje exige que transformemos as rela??es entre sociedade,
natureza e desenvolvimento, considerando a sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, um dos
principais temas ? a substitui??o de combust?veis f?sseis por biocombust?veis, como o
biodiesel. Uma potencial oleaginosa a ser utilizada como matriz para produ??o de biodiesel ?
Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa), um vegetal de m?ltiplos usos que tamb?m pode ser
utilizado para tratamento de ?gua. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: analisar as
adapta??es anat?micas de caule e folha e as reservas ole?feras da semente de moringa,
investigar caracter?sticas qu?micas do ?leo da semente de moringa, considerando a produ??o
de biodiesel, e avaliar a fun??o coagulante dessas sementes no tratamento de ?gua. Foram
confeccionadas l?minas histol?gicas semipermanentes, nas quais observou-se que o caule
apresenta cut?cula espessa, est?matos abaixo da linha da epiderme, medula oca, drusas e
tricomas tectores como adapta??es ?s condi??es edafoclim?ticas em que a esp?cie est?
inserida, enquanto a folha ? dorsivental e possui cut?cula espessa, tricomas tectores e drusas.
A semente, por sua vez, possui reservas ole?feras abundantes. Essas caracter?sticas favorecem
o cultivo da moringa como matriz para produ??o de biodiesel no semi?rido nordestino. A
avalia??o qu?mica foi realizada por meio de extra??o do ?leo com solvente via agita??o
mec?nica e an?lise do ?leo em espectrofot?metro UV-Vis?vel. Foi feita a transesterifica??o do
?leo, com an?lise do biodiesel gerado por cromatografia gasosa. Obteve-se bom rendimento
de ?leo e biodiesel de boa qualidade. Para avalia??o da atividade coagulante das sementes,
foram realizados ensaios de coagula??o e flocula??o em jarteste, nos quais foi aplicado um
extrato de sementes de moringa na ?gua a ser tratada. As sementes se mostraram eficientes no
processo de coagula??o para tratamento de ?gua, podendo ser utilizadas diretamente em
sistemas rudimentares de tratamento ou servindo como mat?ria-prima para a extra??o de
prote?nas coagulantes a serem utilizadas em larga escala, como alternativas aos coagulantes
tradicionais. Conclui-se que M. oleifera possui caracter?sticas que favorecem sua utiliza??o
para as fun??es associadas de produ??o de biodiesel e tratamento de ?gua
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