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Previous issue date: 2008-11-12 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior === Cutting fluids are lubricants used in metal-mechanical industries. Their complex composition varies according to the type of operation carried out, also depending on the metals under treatment or investigation. Due to the high amount of mineral oil produced in Northeastern Brazil, we have detected the need to better use this class of material. In this work, two novel formulations have been tested, both based on naphthenic mineral oil and additives, such as: an emulsifying agent (A), an anticorrosion agent (B), a biocide (C) and an antifoam agent (D). Each formulation was prepared by mixing the additives in the mineral oil at a 700-rpm stirring velocity for 10 min, at 25?C, employing a 24 factorial planning. The formulations were characterized by means of density, total acid number (TAN), viscosity, flash point and anticorrosion activity. In a subsequent study, oil-in-water
emulsions were prepared from these novel formulations. The emulsions were analyzed in terms of stability, corrosion degree, percentage of foam formation,
conductivity, accelerated stability and particle size. The samples were appropriately labeled, and, in special, two of them were selected for featuring emulsion properties which were closer to those of the standards chosen as
references (commercial cutting oils). Investigations were undertaken on the ability of NaCl and CaCl2 to destabilize the emulsions, at concentrations of 2%, 5% and
10%, at an 800-rpm stirring velocity for 5 min and temperatures of 25?, 40?, 50? and 60?C. The recovered oils were chemically altered by reincorporating the same
additives used in the original formulations, followed by preparation of emulsions with the same concentrations as those of the initial ones. The purpose was to
assess the possibility of reusing the recovered oil. The effluents generated during the emulsion destabilization step were characterized via turbidity index, contents
of oil and grease, pH, and contents of anions and cations, observing compliance with the parameters established by the current environmental legislation (Brazil s CONAMA 357/05 resolution). It could be concluded that the formulations presented excellent physicochemical properties as compared to commercial cutting fluids, showing that the quality of the newly-prepared fluids is superior to that of the formulations available in the market, enabling technically and environmentally-safe applications === Fluidos de corte s?o lubrificantes usados nas ind?strias metal-mec?nicas. Possuem composi??es complexas que variam de acordo com o tipo de opera??o executada e com os metais a serem trabalhados. Levando-se em conta a grande quantidade de ?leo mineral produzido na regi?o nordeste, verificou-se a necessidade de melhor aproveit?-los. Neste trabalho desenvolveram-se duas
formula??es usando-se como base ?leo mineral naft?nico e aditivos, tais como: emulsificante (A), anticorrosivo (B), biocida (C) e antiespumante (D). Cada formula??o foi preparada com a mistura dos aditivos ao ?leo mineral, sob agita??o de 700 rpm por 10 min, a 25?C, utilizando-se um planejamento fatorial 24. As formula??es foram caracterizadas atrav?s da densidade, ?ndice de acidez, viscosidade, ponto de fulgor e corros?o. Em seguida foram preparadas emuls?es O/A obtidas a partir das novas formula??es. Destas emuls?es estudou-se a
estabilidade, grau de corros?o, percentual de espuma formado, condutividade, estabilidade acelerada e tamanho de part?culas. Escolheram-se as amostras F8 e
F16 por apresentarem as propriedades das emuls?es mais pr?ximas dos padr?es escolhidos como refer?ncia (fluidos de corte comerciais). Realizou-se o estudo da
quebra das emuls?es utilizando o NaCl e o CaCl2 , nas concentra??es de 2%, 5% e 10%, com agita??o durante 5 min, ? velocidade de 800 rpm, nas temperaturas
de 25?, 40?, 50? e 60?C. Os ?leos recuperados foram readitivados com os mesmos aditivos utilizados nas formula??es iniciais. Em seguida, prepararam-se
emuls?es nas mesmas concentra??es das emuls?es iniciais com o intuito de verificar se o ?leo recuperado poderia ser reutilizado. Os efluentes gerados
durante a quebra das emuls?es foram caracterizados atrav?s da turbidez, teor de ?leos e graxas, pH, ?nions e c?tions, verificando-se enquadramento dos par?metros avaliados na legisla??o ambiental em vigor (Resolu??o CONAMA 357/05). As formula??es apresentaram ?timas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas quando comparadas com os fluidos de corte comerciais, mostrando, dessa forma, que os fluidos obtidos s?o de qualidade superior aos encontrados no mercado e podem ser utilizados com seguran?a t?cnica e ambiental
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