| Summary: | Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
MariceleNB.pdf: 3047192 bytes, checksum: 51cd549d89ea5cd776eac8dab93127fe (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-07-27 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior === Parental care in mammals is influenced by somatosensory stimuli from infants, such as vocalization and sight and by changes in the hormone levels of caretakers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and hormonal responses of twelve non reproductive adult male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to infant cues, vocalization recordings, sight and physical contact with newborn. Six out of twelve males had previous experience in caretaking. In article 1, adult males were exposed to newborn vocalizations for 10 minutes. On control condition no sound was presented. In article 2, males were tested on two conditions: a) Control: an empty acrylic transparent box (test box) was placed in male s cage for 15 minutes, and b) Experimental: males were exposed to newborns into a closed text box for 15 minutes. The cage was kept closed to prevented from tactile, smell and acoustic stimulation by the infant on common marmoset males. In article 3, males were exposed to an open or closed text box, which allowed or not their access to and social interaction with the infants. After each observation sessions, blood samples were collected to evaluate the cortisol levels of males. In all studies, behavioral response of adult males was significantly modified by newborns sight, vocalization and physical contact. Males approached and spent more time near the sound source and showed an increase in locomotion during sound exposure. Furthermore, males approached, smelled and spent more time near the test box when the newborn was inside it. There was no difference in behavioral pattern between experienced and non-experienced males in articles 1 and 2. In article 3, behavioral pattern of males was influence by previous caretaking experience. Experienced males recovered quicker and carried the infants more than the inexperienced ones. However, inexperienced males showed a decrease in recovery latency and an increase in carrying time after successive exposure to infants. Cortisol levels changed after exposure to infant s vocalization, especially for experienced adult males. Male hormonal profile was not affected by the sight of infants neither by their previous experienced in caretaking. The occurrence of social interaction between the caretaker and infant did not modify the hormonal profile of common marmoset males; however, as much as experienced males carried the infants their cortisol levels decreased. Thus, members of a social group or potential caretakers common marmosets exposed to sensory cues from dependent infant such as vocalization, sight, smell and physical contact, changed their behavioral and hormonal responses that are physiological modulators of parental behavior in common marmoset === Em mam?feros, o cuidado parental ? influenciado por est?mulos sensoriais provenientes dos infantes, tais como, a vocaliza??o e a vis?o e por mudan?as hormonais que ocorrem nos cuidadores. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a resposta comportamental e hormonal de 12 machos adultos n?o reprodutores de sag?i, Callithrix jacchus, a vocaliza??o, a vis?o e contato f?sico com filhotes rec?mnascidos. Seis dos doze machos utilizados tinham experi?ncia pr?via no cuidado ? prole. No primeiro artigo, analisamos os machos adultos quando expostos a vocaliza??o de filhotes por 10 minutos. Na condi??o controle a vocaliza??o n?o foi apresentada. No segundo artigo, os machos foram testados em 2 condi??es: a) Controle: uma caixa de acr?lico vazia (caixa teste) foi colocada nas gaiolas-viveiro dos animais por 15 minutos; e b) Experimental: machos foram expostos a filhotes colocados na caixa teste fechada, de modo evitar a influ?ncia de pistas sonoras, olfativas e t?teis do filhote nos machos de sag?i. No terceiro artigo, apresentamos os resultados de machos que foram expostos a caixa teste com filhote aberta ou fechada, permitindo ou n?o o acesso e intera??o f?sica do macho com o infante. Ap?s todas as observa??es comportamentais, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avalia??o dos n?veis de cortisol dos machos. Nos tr?s artigos, a resposta comportamental dos machos adultos foi significativamente influenciada pela vocaliza??o, vis?o e contato f?sico com o infante. Os machos se aproximaram e passaram mais tempo pr?ximos da fonte sonora e se deslocaram mais durante exposi??o ? vocaliza??o. Al?m disso, machos se aproximaram, cheiraram e passaram mais tempo pr?ximo da caixa teste quando o infante estava presente. Nos dois primeiros artigos n?o foi encontrada diferen?a no padr?o comportamental dos animais com rela??o ? experi?ncia pr?via no cuidado. No terceiro artigo, a experi?ncia pr?via no cuidado influenciou significativamente o padr?o comportamental dos machos. Machos experientes recuperaram mais rapidamente e carregaram mais os filhotes que os inexperientes. Todavia, a lat?ncia de recupera??o diminui e o tempo de carregar aumentou nos inexperientes ap?s exposi??o sucessiva aos filhotes. Os n?veis plasm?ticos de cortisol variaram ap?s a exposi??o ? vocaliza??o de infantes, sendo significativamente mais elevados nos machos experientes. Quanto ao efeito da vis?o do filhote, os n?veis de cortisol n?o variaram ap?s a exposi??o, nem foram modificados pela experi?ncia pr?via do cuidador. A ocorr?ncia de intera??o social entre o cuidador e o filhote n?o modificou o perfil hormonal dos machos de sag?i; contudo, enquanto maior a dura??o os epis?dios de carregar pelos machos experientes menores os seus n?veis de cortisol. Assim, membros do grupo social ou cuidadores em potencial de sag?i expostos a pistas sensoriais de filhotes dependentes, como a vocaliza??o, vis?o, cheiro e contato f?sico, apresentam mudan?a em suas respostas comportamental e hormonal que s?o moduladores fisiol?gicos do comportamento de cuidado ? prole em sag?i. GEST?O DA INFORMA??O PARA O EMPREENDEDORISMO
|
|---|
