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Previous issue date: 2006-08-04 === Recently, planar antennas have been studied due to their characteristics as well as the advantages that they offers when compared with another types of antennas. In the mobile communications area, the need for this kind of antennas have became each time bigger due to the intense increase of the mobile communications this sector. That needs of antennas which operate in multifrequency and wide bandwidth. The microstrip antennas presents narrow bandwidth due the loss in the dielectric generated by radiation. Another limitation is the radiation pattern degradation due the generation of surface waves in the substrate. In this work some used techniques to minimize the disadvantages (previously mentioned) of the use of microstrip antennas are presented, those are: substrates with PBG material - Photonic Bandgap, multilayer antennas and with stacked patches. The developed analysis in this work used the TTL - Transverse Transmission Line method in the domain of Fourier transform, that uses a component of propagation in the y direction (transverse to the direction real of propagation z), treating the general equations of electric and magnetic field as functions of Ey and Hy. One of the advantages of this method is the simplification of the field equations. therefore the amount of equations lesser must the fields in directions x and z be in function of components Ey and Hy. It will be presented an brief study of the main theories that explain the superconductivity phenomenon. The BCS theory. London Equations and Two Fluids model will be the theories that will give support the application of the superconductors in the microfita antennas. The inclusion of the superconductor patch is made using the resistive complex contour condition. This work has as objective the application of the TTL method to microstrip structures with single and multilayers of rectangular patches, to obtaining the resonance frequency and radiation pattern of each structure === Recentemente as antenas planares t?m despertado interesses devido ?s suas caracter?sticas, assim como pelas vantagens que oferecem quando comparadas com os demais tipos de antenas. Na ?rea de comunica??es m?veis a necessidade de antenas desse tipo tem-se tornado cada vez maior devido ao intenso crescimento desse setor, necessitando de antenas que operem em multifreq??ncia e em banda larga. As antenas de microfita apresentam largura de banda estreita devido ?s perdas no diel?trico geradas pela irradia??o. Outra limita??o ? a degrada??o do diagrama de irradia??o devido ? gera??o de ondas de superf?cie no substrato. Neste trabalho s?o apresentadas algumas t?cnicas usadas para tentar minimizar as desvantagens (citadas acima) do uso de antenas de microfita, sendo elas: substratos com material PBG - Photonic Bandgap, antenas em multicamadas e a utiliza??o de patches fabricados de materiais supercondutores. As an?lises desenvolvidas neste trabalho foram realizadas com a utiliza??o do m?todo LTT - Linha de Transmiss?o Transversa no dom?nio da transformada de Fourier, que utiliza uma componente de propaga??o na dire??o y (transversa ? dire??o real de propaga??o z), tratando assim as equa??es gerais dos campos el?tricos e magn?ticos em fun??es de Ey e Hy. Uma das vantagens desse m?todo ? a simplifica??o das equa??es de campo, pois a quantidade de equa??es ? menor devido os campos nas dire??es x e z ficarem em fun??o das componentes Ey e Hy. Ser? apresentado um breve estudo das principais teorias que explicam o fen?meno da supercondutividade. As teorias BCS, Equa??es de London e modelo dos Dois Fluidos ser?o as teorias que dar?o suporte a aplica??o dos supercondutores nas antenas microfita. A inclus?o do patch supercondutor ? feita utilizando-se a condi??o de contorno complexa resistiva. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a aplica??o do m?todo LTT ?s estruturas de microfita
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