Avaliar na alfabetiza??o: uma reflex?o sobre as dificuldades docentes

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TaniaMFO.pdf: 366115 bytes, checksum: 4a2a004d26fe4b2edf4e620232f56e08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-10 === Our work leads up to the context of evaluation during alphabetization process as a moment of an educational...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Oliveira, T?nia Maria Fernandes de
Other Authors: CPF:83844929487
Format: Others
Language:Portuguese
Published: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14463
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Summary:Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TaniaMFO.pdf: 366115 bytes, checksum: 4a2a004d26fe4b2edf4e620232f56e08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-10 === Our work leads up to the context of evaluation during alphabetization process as a moment of an educational action cycle that requires planning, teaching and learning of reading and writing. It aimed to research the difficulties lived by teachers of a public elementary school during the specific task of evaluating children in the alphabetization process. This qualitative research took place as a case study at Em?lia Ramos Municipal School, in Natal, capital city of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Semi-structured interview and questionnaire were used as fact-gathering proceedings. Two pedagogical advisers and seven teachers formed the group of research subjects. All of them worked with elementary school first cycle classes, in that school, in the year of 2003. The analysis shows that teachers difficulties concern to theoretic questions of conceptual and methodological orders, although these questions indicate an important knowledge of teachers about alphabetization and evaluation. Our reflection about these problems articulates two points: alphabetization and evaluation. Concerning alphabetization, we took reference on Psychogenetic studies of Ferreiro and Teberosky (1985) which emphasizes fundamental points for a coherent evaluation practice: a) objective knowledge is not a beginning data; it is a construction process, which the learner does not conquest step by step on a linear way; b) objective knowledge acquisition happens through a global re-construction, and some of them may seem mistakes if we consider conventional writing but these mistakes are constructive and necessary. We also took reference on Interactionist-constructivist theory. Here, Vygotsky (1984) proposes that writing must be specially understood as language, symbolical activity, cultural practice. So, acquisition of writing process, as language learning, must be understood as a development of abilities relative to symbolical and communicative activity of sense production. On this way, Hoffmann (1994) advises that is necessary to overtake current evaluation practices, limited by their terminality character, only pointing right or wrong questions. According to a new paradigm, valuation appears as one of the mediations by which teachers must indicate re-ordination of pupil s knowledge, and re-organize their own practices too. The comprehensions of these questions plays decisive part in order to overtake our difficulties in evaluating. Besides, it points a way to build a coherent valuate practice, with an emancipating character and able to create new teaching-and-learning situations, leading to a better alphabetization Pedagogy === Nosso trabalho se insere no contexto da avalia??o no processo de alfabetiza??o, como um momento do ciclo da a??o educacional que envolve o planejamento, o ensino e a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou investigar, junto a professores da escola p?blica do ensino fundamental, as dificuldades vivenciadas por eles, no trabalho docente espec?fico de avaliar crian?as em processo de alfabetiza??o. Como parte da abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa se desenvolveu atrav?s de um estudo de caso na Escola Municipal Professora Em?lia Ramos, em Natal/RN. Como procedimento de coleta dos dados, utilizamos a entrevista semi-diretiva e o question?rio. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa duas coordenadoras pedag?gicas e sete professores que atuavam no 1? ciclo do ensino fundamental daquela escola, no ano de 2003. A an?lise dos dados nos permite destacar que as dificuldades docentes envolvem quest?es te?ricas de ordem conceitual e metodol?gica, embora essas quest?es j? evidenciem um significativo conhecimento do professor acerca da alfabetiza??o e da avalia??o. A reflex?o aqui desenvolvida se articula em dois eixos: o da alfabetiza??o e o da avalia??o. No tocante ? alfabetiza??o, tomamos como refer?ncia os estudos psicogen?ticos de Ferreiro e Teberosky (1985), quando ressaltam pontos fundamentais para uma pr?tica coerente na avalia??o de alfabetizandos: a) o conhecimento objetivo n?o ? um dado inicial, mas uma aquisi??o processual, da qual o aprendiz n?o se aproxima passo a passo, de forma linear; b) a aquisi??o do conhecimento objetivo acontece atrav?s de reconstru??es globais, algumas das quais 'err?neas' no que se refere ? escrita convencional, por?m construtivas e necess?rias. Igualmente, consideramos a perspectiva interacionista-construtivista, onde Vygotsky (1984) ressalta que a escrita deve ser priorizada enquanto linguagem, ou seja, atividade simb?lica, pr?tica cultural. Assim sendo, a aquisi??o da escrita, enquanto aprendizagem de uma linguagem, ? concebida como desenvolvimento de habilidades relativas ? atividade simb?lico-comunicativa de produ??o de sentidos. Nesse sentido, enfatiza Hoffmann (1994) que ? preciso superar a pr?tica atual de avalia??o quanto ao seu car?ter de terminalidade e constata??o de erros e acertos. Na linha do novo paradigma, a avalia??o se constitui numa das media??es pela qual o professor deve encorajar a reorganiza??o do saber do alfabetizando e a retomada da sua pr?pria pr?tica. Para n?s, a compreens?o dessas quest?es ? de fundamental import?ncia para a supera??o das nossas dificuldades de avaliar, al?m de nos orientar na busca de uma avalia??o coerente, emancipat?ria e promotora de novas situa??es de ensinar/aprender rumo a uma pedagogia da alfabetiza??o com mais chances de ser bem sucedida