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Previous issue date: 2009-12-17 === The period post-war promoted several changes in relations economic, political and social world. Since then, a new division international of labor has delineated, with the great growth of Asian countries. In the field of international relations, the world still appears to transition is not completed because the old institutions were not replaced by new ones and the power of the United States as a major capitalist country remains unshaken, even with the emergence and strengthening of new economic global blocs. With globalization, Brazil emerges with more intensity in the face of new issues global, although its share in transactions trade global hasn‟t changed accordingly. In this sense, the objective of this dissertation is to examine, in a descriptive and critical the development of international relations and trade of Brazil and Rio Grande do Norte with the main blocs in the world from 1999 to 2008. As a secondary objective: to identify the assumptions theoretical that underpinned the decisions governments of the FHC and Lula, in particular, the interference of these terms in international relations and foreign trade. Adopted as the procedure methodological the literature review of the subject, as well as collection and processing of the data of foreign trade. During the Cardoso government has undergone the substantial growth in imports, as part of the economic policy of anti-inflationary, generating large deficits trade. From the first to the second term, with the inflection of exchange rate policy the country has resumed surpluses trade. The choice of government of the autonomy participation increased the relative share of the traditional blocks in total foreign trade and reduced the share of MERCOSUL. In the Lula government, there is the maintenance of some elements of the economic policy of the previous government and the partial shift in the conduct of foreign policy, with the option of autonomy through diversification, raising its stake on the blocks and other emerging countries in total foreign trade Brazilian and reducing the contribution of the traditional blocks such as NAFTA and the European Union. A trend observed in the previous government and deepened in the Lula government was the growth in commodity exports and the decline of manufactured products, confirming the model of conservative insertion of Brazilian exports. The Rio Grande do Norte followed the trend Brazilian in the growth of foreign trade, including in participating conservative, given that the products exported by the state are basically coming from horticulture irrigated and agribusiness. However, in the aspect of destination export, the state followed trajectory distinct from that in the Lula government, with the deepening of trade relations with traditional blocks, especially with the European Union and NAFTA === O per?odo p?s-guerra promoveu in?meras transforma??es nas rela??es econ?micas, pol?ticas e sociais no mundo. Desde ent?o, uma nova divis?o internacional do trabalho vem se desenhando, com o grande crescimento dos pa?ses asi?ticos. No campo das rela??es internacionais, o mundo ainda aparece em transi??o n?o conclu?da, pois as antigas institui??es n?o foram substitu?das por novas e o poder dos Estados Unidos enquanto principal pa?s capitalista se mant?m inabalado, mesmo com o surgimento e fortalecimento de novos blocos econ?micos mundiais. Com a globaliza??o, o Brasil ressurge com mais intensidade diante dos novos temas globais, embora sua parcela nas transa??es comerciais mundiais n?o tenha se alterado na mesma propor??o. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal dessa disserta??o ? analisar, de forma descritiva e cr?tica o desenvolvimento das rela??es internacionais e comerciais do Brasil e do Rio Grande do Norte com os principais blocos econ?micos mundiais no per?odo de 1999 a 2008. Como objetivos secund?rios: identificar os pressupostos te?ricos que alicer?aram as decis?es dos governos FHC e Lula, em especial, na interfer?ncia destas no tocante as rela??es internacionais e do com?rcio exterior. Adotou-se como procedimento metodol?gico a an?lise bibliogr?fica da tem?tica, bem como a coleta e tratamento estat?stico dos dados do com?rcio exterior. Durante o governo FHC o pa?s passou pelo grande crescimento das importa??es, como parte da estrat?gia da pol?tica econ?mica anti-inflacion?ria, gerando grandes d?ficits comerciais. Na passagem do primeiro para o segundo mandato, com a inflex?o da pol?tica cambial o pa?s retomou os super?vits comerciais. A op??o do governo pela autonomia elevou a participa??o relativa dos blocos tradicionais no total do com?rcio exterior e reduziu a participa??o do MERCOSUL. No governo Lula, observa-se a manuten??o de alguns elementos da pol?tica econ?mica do governo anterior e a mudan?a parcial na condu??o da pol?tica externa, com a op??o da autonomia pela diversifica??o, ampliando a participa??o relativa dos demais blocos e pa?ses emergentes no total do com?rcio exterior brasileiro e redu??o da participa??o dos blocos tradicionais, como o NAFTA e a Uni?o Europeia. Uma tend?ncia observada no governo anterior e aprofundada no governo Lula foi o crescimento da exporta??o de produtos b?sicos e a retra??o dos produtos manufaturados, confirmando o modelo de inser??o conservadora da exporta??o brasileira. O Rio Grande do Norte acompanhou a tend?ncia brasileira no crescimento do com?rcio exterior, inclusive na sua inser??o conservadora, dado que os produtos exportados pelo estado s?o basicamente oriundos da fruticultura irrigada e da agroind?stria. Por?m, no aspecto do destino das exporta??es, o estado seguiu trajet?ria distinta do apresentado no governo Lula, com o aprofundamento das rela??es comerciais com os blocos tradicionais, principalmente com a Uni?o Europeia e o NAFTA.
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