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Previous issue date: 2011-05-05 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior === The fishes of the order Perciformes are characterized as an important model for
understanding the genetic structure of marine populations, because besides they
present examples of conservation chromosomal, also they present the karyotype
diversification for some groups. Gobiidae family is the most specious in the marine
environment. Among its representatives, many species are part of a cryptic fauna
little noticed and studied, a wide distribution with behavioral and reproductive
characteristics, that make them conducive to the action of biogeographical barriers.
Morphologically this family presents reduced body structures through simplification
and regressions. Despite their importance in evolutionary inferences, cytogenetics
data are incipient facing their species diversity, especially with western Atlantic
species. In order to estimate the evolutionary diversity in Gobiidae, it were developed
cytogenetic analysis and the standards body, through geometric morphometrics in
five species on the Brazilian coast, Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, Bathygobius
mystacium, B. soporator, Ctenogobius smaragdus e C. Boleosoma. The data show
significant karyotype and morphological diversity among the species. The pericentric
inversions and mergers play an important role in chromosomal evolution of this
family, causing karyotypic structural and numerical differences in all species.
Karyotypic and morphological comparisons among geographic samples of B.
soporator from the coast of Maranh?o, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia showed
cytogenetics patterns commons, but different morphological patterns. A sample from
the Atol das Rocas revealed conspicuous morphological and karyotypic
differentiation of another continental populations, confirming the presence of a new
island species. The approaches done reveal diversification consistent with
characteristics of a group of low vagile and largely able to environmental selection
due from peculiar ecological requirements === Os peixes da ordem Perciformes caracterizam-se como um modelo importante para
o entendimento da estrutura gen?tica de popula??es marinhas, pois apresentam
tanto exemplos de conserva??o cromoss?mica como de diversifica??o cariot?pica
para alguns grupos. Gobiidae ? a fam?lia mais especiosa no ambiente marinho. Entre
seus representantes, muitas esp?cies fazem parte de uma fauna cr?ptica pouco
percebida e estudada, apresentando ampla distribui??o com caracter?sticas
comportamentais e reprodutivas que as tornam prop?cias ? a??o de barreiras
biogeogr?ficas. Morfologicamente esta fam?lia apresenta estruturas corporais
reduzidas atrav?s de simplifica??es e regress?es. Dados citogen?ticos, apesar da
import?ncia em infer?ncias evolutivas, s?o incipientes frente sua diversidade de
esp?cies, sobretudo para esp?cies do Atl?ntico Ocidental. Visando estimar a
diversidade evolutiva em Gobiidae foram desenvolvidas an?lises citogen?ticas e dos
padr?es corporais, atrav?s de morfometria geom?trica, em cinco esp?cies presentes
no litoral brasileiro, Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, Bathygobius mystacium, B.
soporator, Ctenogobius smaragdus e C. Boleosoma. Os dados obtidos demonstram
marcante diversidade cariot?pica e morfol?gica entre as esp?cies. As invers?es
peric?ntricas e fus?es desempenham papel importante na evolu??o cromoss?mica
desta fam?lia, ocasionando diferen?as cariot?picas estruturais e num?ricas em todas
as esp?cies. Compara??es cariot?picas e morfol?gicas entre amostras geogr?ficas
de B. soporator provenientes do litoral do Maranh?o, Rio Grande do Norte e Bahia
evidenciaram padr?es citogen?ticos comuns, mas padr?es morfol?gicos diferentes.
Uma amostra proveniente do Atol das Rocas revelou consp?cua diferencia??o
cariot?pica e morfol?gica das demais popula??es continentais, confirmando a
presen?a de uma nova esp?cie insular. As abordagens empregadas revelam
diversifica??es compat?veis com um grupo com caracter?sticas de baixa vagilidade e
amplamente sujeito a sele??o ambiental decorrente de exig?ncias ecol?gicas
peculiares
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