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Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico === With the disorganized decentralization occurred in Brazil after the 1988 Constitution,
municipalities have risen to the level of federal entities. This phenomenon became
known as "municipalism" also brought some negative effects such as low capacity
financial, economic and political of these entities. In the face of this reality , the
municipalities sought in models of collaborative features to address public policy
issues ultrarregionais, one of these models are the Public Consortia. Characterized
as the organization of all federal entities that aim to solve public policy
implementation alone that they could not, or spend great resources for such. This
reality of the municipalities have an aggravating factor when looking at the situation
in Metropolitan Regions (MRs). This is because the RMs has a historical process of
formation that does not encourage cooperation, since that were created top-down
during the military regime. Furthermore, the metropolitan municipalities have
significant power asymmetries, localist vision, rigidity earmarked revenues, different
scenarios conurbation, difficulty standardization of concepts and others that
contribute to the vision of low cooperation of these metropolitan areas. Thus, the
problem of this work is in the presence of collaborative arrangements, such as the
Public Consortia in metropolitan areas, which are seen as areas of low cooperation.
To elucidate this research was used for analysis the cases of CONDIAM/PB and
Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, because they are apparently antagonistic, but with
some points of similarity. The cases has as foundation the Theory of Common
Resources, which provides the possibility of collective action through the initiative of
individuals. This theory has as its methodology for analyzing the picture IAD
Framework, which proposes its analysis based on three axes: external variables, the
arena of action and results. The nature of the method of this research was classified
as exploratory and descriptive. For the stage of date analysis, was used the method
of document analysis and content, Further than of separation of the cases according
to theur especificities. At the end of the study, noted that the CONDIAM/PB was a
strategy of municipal government of Joao Pessoa to attract funds from the Federal
Government for the purpose of to build a landfill, and over the years the ideology of
cooperation was left aside, the prevailing view localist municipalities. In the case of
Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, members act with some degree of cooperation,
especially the collaborative aspect of the region, however, still prevails with greater
strength the power of the state of Pernambuco in the decisions and paths of the
consortium. Thus, was conclude that the Public Consortia analyzed are an
experience of collaborative arrangement, from the initiative of members, as the
theory of common resources says, but has not actually signed as a practice of
collective action to overcome the dilemmas faced by metropolitan areas === Com a descentraliza??o ocorrida no Brasil ap?s a Constitui??o de 1988, os
munic?pios se elevaram ao patamar de entes federados. Esse fen?meno, que ficou
conhecido por municipalismo , tamb?m trouxe alguns efeitos perversos como a
baixa capacidade financeira, econ?mica e pol?tica desses entes. Diante dessa
realidade os munic?pios buscaram em modelos de car?ter colaborativo para
solucionar problemas de pol?ticas p?blicas ultrarregionais, um desses modelos s?o
os Cons?rcios P?blicos. Caracterizados como a organiza??o entre entes federados
que visem ? solu??o implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas que sozinhos eles n?o
conseguiriam, ou despenderiam grandes recursos para tal. Essa realidade dos
munic?pios tem um agravante quando se observa a situa??o nas Regi?es
Metropolitanas (RMs). Isso porque as RMs possuem um hist?rico processo de
forma??o que n?o incentiva a coopera??o, j? que foram criadas de cima para baixo
durante o regime militar. Al?m disso, os munic?pios metropolitanos t?m significativas
assimetrias de poder, vis?o localista, rigidez de receitas vinculadas, diferentes
cen?rios de conurba??o, dificuldade de padroniza??o dos conceitos, dentre outros
que contribuem para a vis?o de baixa coopera??o dessas ?reas metropolitanas.
Assim, a problem?tica desse trabalho est? na presen?a de arranjos colaborativos,
como os Cons?rcios P?blicos, em Regi?es Metropolitanas, que s?o vistas como
?reas de baixa coopera??o. Para elucidar essa pesquisa, utilizou-se para an?lises
os casos do CONDIAM/PB e Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, por serem
aparentemente antag?nicos, mas com alguns pontos de semelhan?a. Os casos t?m
como fundamenta??o a Teoria dos Recursos Comuns, que estabelece a
possibilidade de a??o coletiva atrav?s da iniciativa dos indiv?duos. Essa teoria tem
como metodologia de an?lise o quadro IAD Framework, que prop?e sua an?lise a
partir de tr?s eixos: vari?veis externas, arena de a??o e resultados alcan?ados. A
natureza do m?todo dessa pesquisa foi classificada como explorat?ria e descritiva.
Para a etapa de an?lise dos dados, utilizou-se o m?todo de an?lise documental e de
conte?do, al?m da separa??o dos casos de acordo com suas especificidades. Ao fim
da pesquisa, observou-se que o CONDIAM/PB foi uma estrat?gia do Governo
Municipal de Jo?o Pessoa para atrair recursos junto ao Governo Federal com o
prop?sito de construir um aterro sanit?rio, e com o passar dos anos a ideologia de
coopera??o foi deixada de lado, prevalecendo a vis?o localista dos munic?pios. No
caso do Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, os membros atuam com certo grau de
coopera??o, sobretudo pelo aspecto colaborativo da regi?o, entretanto, ainda
prevalece com maior for?a o poder do Estado de Pernambuco nas decis?es e nos
caminhos do cons?rcio. Assim, conclui-se que, os Cons?rcios P?blicos analisados
s?o uma experi?ncia de arranjo colaborativo, a partir da iniciativa dos membros,
como diz a teoria dos recursos comuns, mas ainda n?o se firmaram efetivamente
como uma pr?tica de a??o coletiva que supere os dilemas enfrentados pelas
Regi?es Metropolitanas
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