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Previous issue date: 2009-11-11 === The principal purpose of this research was to investigate discriminant factors of survival and failure of micro and small businesses, and the impacts of these factors in the public politics for entrepreneurship in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The data were ceded by SEBRAE/RN and the Commercial Committee of the Rio Grande do Norte State and it included the businesses that were registered in 2000, 2001 and 2002. According to the theoretical framework 3 groups of factors were defined Business Financial Structure, Entrepreneurial Preparation and Entrepreneurial Behavior , and the factors were studied in order to determine whether they are discriminant or not of the survival and business failure. A quantitative research was applied and advanced statistical techniques were used multivariate data analysis , beginning with the factorial analysis and after using the discriminant analysis. As a result, canonical discriminant functions were found and they partially explained the survival and business failure in terms of the factors and groups of factors. The analysis also permitted the evaluation of the public politics for entrepreneurship and it was verified, according to the view of the entrepreneurs, that these politics were weakly effective to avoid business failure. Some changes in the referred politics were suggested based on the most significant factors found. === O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar fatores discriminantes da sobreviv?ncia e mortalidade de micro e pequenos neg?cios, e os impactos destes fatores nas pol?ticas p?blicas pr?-empreendedorismo no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados foram cedidos pelo SEBRAE/RN e a Junta Comercial do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte JUCERN e inclui
empreendimentos registrados em 2000, 2001 e 2002. De acordo com o arcabou?o te?rico, foram definidos 3 grupos de fatores Estrutura Financeira Empresarial, Prepara??o para Empreender e Forma de Empreender , e os fatores foram estudados para se determinar se s?o discriminantes ou n?o para a sobreviv?ncia e mortalidade de empresas. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa que se serviu de t?cnicas estat?sticas avan?adas de an?lise multivariada de dados e empregou-se, primeiramente, a an?lise fatorial e depois, a an?lise discriminante. Como resultado, chegou-se a determinar fun??es can?nicas discriminantes que explicam parcialmente a sobreviv?ncia e mortalidade em fun??o dos fatores e grupos de fatores. A
an?lise permitiu, tamb?m, a avalia??o das pol?ticas p?blicas pr?-empreendedorismo e verificou-se, segundo a ?tica dos empres?rios, que estas pol?ticas se mostraram pouco efetivas
para evitar a mortalidade de empresas. A partir dos fatores mais significativos encontrados, foram sugeridas mudan?as nas referidas pol?ticas.
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