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Previous issue date: 2009-04-28 === From the end of the 80s, the Brazilian higher education experience strong growth, coming from the private sector, which would intensify further in the late 90th Higher education has become a lucrative business. With a drop in the number of students entering and strong competition, the number of idle places in private institutions of higher education reached 49.5% in 2004. That same year, by Measure, was the University for All Program (PROUNI) program, to include high school students from public higher education, offering scholarships to those students in private HEIs. In exchange, the IES gain tax exemption. The objective of this research is to investigate the game of interest occurred in the formulation of this program and identify the model and the political game and has led to the creation of PROUNI, analyzing the process occurred since the wording of a bill, the issue of Measure Law and that the legitimacy PROUNI, with the most important changes made initial model. Since the first draft of the Law to the final Act, the PROUNI was disfigured in its main points, as the percentage of stock for paying students, the process of selection of stock and bond of the IES program. Throughout the process of creating the program, it is quite clear the performance of the institutions representing the private higher education. As
reference for the analysis was based on Rational Choice Theory of Political Science. The basic argument of the methods based on rational choice is the maximization of
the benefit will be the main motivation of individuals, but they can give that your goals can be achieved more effectively through institutional action and thereby discover that their conduct is shaped by institutions. Thus, individuals rationally choose to get to a certain extent constrained to join in certain institutions, whether voluntarily or not. The PROUNI was submitted by government and public policy covered by the mystical aura of the discourse of social justice and economic development, as in higher education includes a stratum of people who would not have access to the university, due to restrictions in the supply network public higher education. However, the greatest benefit from the program are the private HEIs, which through a difficult time in a scenario marked by high competition and idleness of nearly half of the vacancies offered. The PROUNI became a program that prioritizes access and not
the residence of the student to higher education. More serious than a supporting program for students Fellows is a program supporting the institutions of private education === A partir do final dos anos 80, o ensino superior brasileiro experimenta um forte crescimento, advindo do setor privado, que viria a se intensificar mais ainda no final dos anos 90. A educa??o superior tornou-se um neg?cio lucrativo. Com uma queda no n?mero de alunos ingressantes e a forte concorr?ncia, o n?mero de vagas ociosas nas institui??es de ensino superior privadas chegou a 49,5% em 2004. Nesse mesmo ano, por Medida Provis?ria, foi criado o Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI), programa que visa incluir alunos oriundos do ensino m?dio p?blico no ensino superior, oferecendo bolsas a esses alunos em IES privadas. Em troca, as IES ganham isen??o fiscal. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? investigar o jogo de interesses ocorrido na formula??o deste programa, bem como identificar o modelo e o jogo pol?tico que culminou e permitiu a cria??o do PROUNI, analisando o processo ocorrido desde a formula??o do projeto de lei, a edi??o da Medida Provis?ria e a Lei que legitimou o PROUNI, com as modifica??es mais importantes feitas modelo inicial. Desde o primeiro projeto de Lei do programa at? a Lei final, o PROUNI foi desfigurado em seus pontos principais, como: o percentual de bolsistas em rela??o aos alunos pagantes, o processo de sele??o dos bolsistas e o v?nculo das IES ao
programa. Em todo o processo de cria??o do programa, ? bastante clara a atua??o das institui??es que representam o ensino superior privado. Como referencial de an?lise, foi adotada a Teoria da Escolha Racional, da Ci?ncia Pol?tica. O argumento b?sico dos m?todos baseados na escolha racional ? que a maximiza??o do benef?cio seguir? sendo a principal motiva??o dos indiv?duos, mas que estes podem se dar conta que seus objetivos podem ser atingidos de modo mais eficaz por meio da a??o institucional e assim descobrir que sua conduta ? moldada pelas institui??es. Desse modo, os indiv?duos escolhem racionalmente ver-se at? certo ponto constrangidos em afiliar-se a determinadas institui??es, seja voluntariamente ou n?o. O PROUNI foi apresentado pelo governo como pol?tica p?blica revestida pela aura m?stica do discurso da justi?a social e do desenvolvimento econ?mico, visto que inclui no ensino superior um estrato da popula??o que n?o teria acesso a esse n?vel de ensino, devido ? limita??o de oferta na rede p?blica superior de ensino. Entretanto, os maiores beneficiados pelo programa s?o as IES privadas, que atravessam um momento dif?cil, num cen?rio marcado pela alta concorr?ncia e ociosidade de quase metade das vagas oferecidas. O PROUNI tornou-se um programa que prioriza o acesso e n?o a perman?ncia do estudante ao ensino superior. Mais grave que um programa assistencialista para os alunos bolsistas, ? um programa assistencialista com as institui??es de ensino privadas
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