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Previous issue date: 2016-04-05 === Esta tese associa um significativo Plano de Urbanização de Belém – elaborado na década de 1940 pelo urbanista e prefeito de Belém Jeronimo Cavalcanti com os embates sociais, políticos e econômicos de uma época de muitas mudanças na Amazônia, no Brasil e no mundo Ocidental. O Plano foi elaborado durante a guerra mundial, no contexto dos Acordos de Washington e em pleno Estado Novo. A Amazônia passou repentinamente a ocupar um lugar central na política Varguista, trazendo de um lado a nostalgia da época áurea da borracha e, de outro, claros sinais de que esse novo momento era muito específico e diferente. Do francesismo ao americanismo, dos bonds elétricos, aos ônibus zepelins, dos trilhos, ao asfalto, dos palacetes, aos arranha céus. Tudo era modernização, mas tudo parecia tão diferente: os modelos haviam se transformado. Se o urbanista que aceitou esse desafio era conhecido nos círculos dos clubs de engenharia e de arquitetura carioca, era, porém, inepto politicamente. Seu Plano previa a completa reestruturação da cidade, indo da modernização no setor de abastecimento e nos mercados, até transformações profundas nos serviços públicos, meios de transporte e vias de circulação. Contudo Cavalcanti e suas ideias não resistiram à crise política mais simples. Apesar do pouco tempo e do precário tato político, o plano deixou raízes e vale ser lembrado especialmente, porque ocorria num momento histórico de construção e afirmação do Urbanismo enquanto campo científico de poder no Brasil e na Amazônia. Suas ideias foram muitas vezes referenciadas e, em momentos chaves, desenvolvidas, mesmo que a contrapelo. Contudo sua história inicial ainda estava quase sem voz. Essa tese, assentada em muitas fontes, mas especialmente em jornais e relatórios de época -discute os debates antigos e novos entre a Belém da Bela Época e a nova Belém do urbanista Cavalcanti. === This thesis combines a significant Belém’s Urbanisation Plan –developed in the 1940’s by the urban planner and mayor Jeronimo Cavalcanti with social, political and economic struggles of an era of many changes in the Amazon, in Brazil and in the Western world. The Plan was elaborated during the Second World War, at the time of the Washington Agreements and during the Estado Novo. Suddenly, the Amazon began to occupy a central place in the Vargas policy, bringing a kind of a nostalgia for the golden age of rubber as well as a kind of a impression that the new moment was very specific and different. There was a French pattern and after that there was a North American standard; there were trams, zeppelin buses, rails, asphalt, Italian pallazi, skyscrapers. Everything was related to modernization, but everything seemed very different: the models had become. The urban planner who has accepted that challenge was known in circles of engineering and architecture in Rio de Janeiro; however, he was inept in the political field. His plan provided the complete restructuring of the city, ranging from the modernization of the supply industry and markets, to profound changes in public services, transport and roads. However, Cavalcanti and his ideas did not resist the simplest political crisis. Despite the short time as a mayor and his precarious political tact, his plan left roots and worth to be remembered especially because it occurred in a historic moment of construction and affirmation of Urbanism as a scientific field of power in Brazil and, especially, in the Amazon. His ideas were often referenced and, in important moments, developed, even if people did not agree with them. However, its early history was still unclear. This thesis based on many sources, but especially in newspapers and period reports discusses the old and new debates between Belle Époque’s Belém and the new Belém created by the urban planner Cavalcanti.
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