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Previous issue date: 2009 === A Rubéola é uma virose exantemática geralmente de evolução benigna, mas quando adquirida durante a gestação, pela teratogenicidade do vírus, pode provocar a Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita caracterizada por malformações fetais e aborto
espontâneo. Com o objetivo de descrever o perfil soroepidemiológico da Rubéola
de pacientes referenciados ao Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS nos períodos prévacinal(1989 a 1999) e pós-vacinal (2000 a 2005), foi realizado estudo retrospectivo do banco de dados de 34.221 amostras, cujos testes sorológicos foram analisados
através da técnica de pesquisa de IgM e IgG por ELISA com kits do laboratório
DADE BEHRING®. A taxa de infecção encontrada foi de 17,2% no período prévacinal
e de 4,0% no pós-vacinal. Entre a sintomatologia apresentada no período
pré-vacinal, a linfadenopatia teve maior taxa com 38,4% e no pós-vacinal a artralgia
com 11,3%. Nas mulheres em idade fértil, a média da taxa de imunes foi de 78,3%
e 84,4% no período pré e pós-vacinal, respectivamente. A taxa de infecção em
gestantes no período pré-vacinal foi de 9,3% e no pós-vacinal 1,6%. Os recémnascidos
infectados corresponderam a 2,1% no período pré e 1,0% no período pósvacinal
nesses, houve predomínio de catarata e cardiopatia isoladas ou em
associação. Foi concluído que houve diferença significante entre as frequências de
todos os segmentos estudados, em relação aos períodos pré e pós-vacinal,
confirmando a eficácia da vacina na prevenção da Rubéola e da SRC, tal fato realça a necessidade de se ampliar as coberturas vacinais para impedir a circulação do VR no país, cumprindo assim o acordo de eliminação até o ano 2010. === Rubella is a usually benign exanthematic virus infection. However, it can cause
Congenital Rubella Syndrome characterized by fetal malformation and spontaneous
abortion when acquired during pregnancy due to its teratogenicity. A restrospective
study of a database of 34.221 samples was performed in order to describe the
seroepidemiological profile of rubella in patients referred to the Evandro Chagas
Institute/SVS/MS, during the vaccinal period (1989 -1999) and post-vaccinal (2000-
2005). The serological tests were analyzed through research of IgM and IgG by ELISA
with DADE BEHRING® laboratory kits. The infection rates found were 17,2% and
4,0% during the pre- and post-vaccinal periods, respectively. Among the symptoms
observed during the pre-vaccinal period, lymphadenopathy presented the highest
rate (38,4%), whereas during the post-vaccinal period arthralgia was the most
prevalent (11,3%). In women in reproductive age, the mean immunity rate was
78,3% and 84,4% during the pre- and post-vaccinal periods, respectively. The
infection rate in pregnant women was 9,3% during the pre-vaccinal period and
1,6% during the post-vaccinal period. The total of infected newborns in the prevaccinal
period was 2,1%, and 1,0% in the post-vaccinal period. Predominance
of cataract and cardiopathy, isolated or in association, was observed among the
newborns. It was concluded that there was a significant difference between the
frequency of all studied segments regarding the pre- and post-vaccinal periods,
which confirmed the effectiveness of the vaccine in the prevention of Rubella
and Congenital Rubella Syndrome. These data highlight the need to increase the
coverage of vaccination programs in order to reduce the circulation of the rubella virus
in Brazil, thus accomplishing the commitment to eliminate rubella by 2010.
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