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2009 - Tatiane Kawamura de Almeida.pdf: 416296 bytes, checksum: 10f392469ed0d8f6721023bb52beb9dd (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-03-05 === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico === Amblyomma parvum is a tick of wide geographical distribution which parasite wild and
domestic animals. In Brazil, the literature records only data on their geographical distribution
and hosts. There is no record on the action of different temperatures in Brazilian populations
of this species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of five different
temperatures on the free living stages on the life cycle of A. parvum. The experiment was
conducted under 18, 21, 24, 27 and 32?1?C and relative humidity of 80?10%. For the eggs
stage, 15 animals were used for infestation in the back after previous trichotomy. The females
that dropped were randomly detach at different temperatures. The eggs were packed in glass
jars after the fifth day of posture and observed daily for analysis of the average pre-hatching,
average hatching and mean percentage of hatching. For others stages, three rabbits were used
for each temperature, totaling 15 animals for each stage. The engorged ticks that dropped
were collected daily. In the laboratory, they were cleaned, weighed and observed daily. The
average of pre-ecdysis of the larvae and nymphs varied inversely proportional to the
temperature. The average percentage of ecdysis for the larvae was statistically similar for the
five treatments. The average moulting period had the same change that the average of preecdysis
period for larvae and nymphs, where longer periods corresponds to lower
temperatures. The average period of larval survival was similar statistically for the treatments
18, 21 and 24?1?C and was lower in the temperatures of 27 and 32?1?C. The average ecdysis
period of the nymphs were statistically different only in the treatments of 18 and 32?1?C and
was much longer in the temperature of 18?1?C (19.1 days). Similar to larvae, the average
percentage of ecdysis for the nymphs was statistically similar to the five treatments. The
lowest average period of survival of nymphs, with average of 117.5 days, was observed at 32
?C. The average of pre-oviposition and oviposition periods were similar. Both were inversely
proportional to the increase of temperature, however, only had significant difference in the
three lower temperatures. Regarding the average weight of oviposition, the heavier weight
was found at 27?1?C (average of 107?48.3 mg). The average production of eggs index and
the average nutritional efficiency index had the highest average at 27?1?C. The average of
pre-hatching period differed significantly in five treatments, and was inversely proportional to
the increase of temperature. The average hatching period and the average percentage of
hatching were longer and lower in the temperature of 18?1?C. The temperature of 18?C can
be used for delaying the life cycle, however, it may be deleterious to the ticks. === Amblyomma parvum ? uma esp?cie de carrapato de ampla distribui??o geogr?fica, capaz de
parasitar animais silvestres e dom?sticos. No Brasil, a literatura registra apenas dados sobre
sua distribui??o geogr?fica e hospedeiros. N?o existe nenhum registro sobre a a??o de
diferentes temperaturas em popula??es brasileiras desta esp?cie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi
avaliar os efeitos de cinco diferentes temperaturas sobre os diversos processos das fases de
vida livre do ciclo biol?gico de A. parvum. Todas as fases de vida livre foram avaliadas nas
temperaturas de 18, 21, 24, 27, 32?1?C e umidade relativa de 80?10%. Para a etapa dos ovos
foram utilizados 15 animais para infesta??o no dorso ap?s pr?via tricotomia. As f?meas que se
desprenderam foram distribu?das aleatoriamente nas diferentes temperaturas. Os ovos foram
acondicionados em frascos de vidro ap?s o quinto dia de postura e observados diariamente
para an?lise do per?odo m?dio de pr?-eclos?o, per?odo m?dio de eclos?o e percentual m?dio
de eclos?o. Para os demais est?gios, foi realizada uma infesta??o com tr?s coelhos para cada
temperatura, totalizando 15 animais para cada est?gio. Os carrapatos ingurgitados que se
desprendiam eram coletados diariamente. No laborat?rio, estes foram limpos, pesados e
acondicionados nas cinco temperaturas, para a observa??o cont?nua dos exemplares. Os
per?odos m?dios de pr?-ecdise das larvas e das ninfas variaram de forma inversamente
proporcional ? temperatura. Em rela??o ao percentual m?dio de ecdise das larvas, os
tratamentos foram estatisticamente semelhantes. O per?odo m?dio de muda sofreu a mesma
varia??o que o per?odo m?dio de pr?-ecdise de larvas e ninfas, onde per?odos mais
prolongados correspondem a temperaturas mais baixas. O percentual m?dio de sobreviv?ncia
das larvas foi estatisticamente semelhante nos tratamentos a 18, 21 e 24?1?C e diminuiu
consideravelmente nas temperaturas de 27 e 32?1?C. Os per?odos m?dios de ecdise das ninfas
foram diferentes estatisticamente somente nos tratamentos a 18 e 32?1?C, sendo muito mais
longo na temperatura de 18?1?C (19,1 dias). ? semelhan?a do ocorrido com as larvas, o
percentual m?dio de ecdise das ninfas foi estatisticamente semelhante para os cinco
tratamentos. O menor per?odo m?dio de sobreviv?ncia das ninfas, com m?dia de 117,5 dias,
foi observado a 32?C. Os per?odos m?dios de pr?-postura e de postura foram semelhantes.
Ambos foram inversamente proporcionais ao aumento de temperatura, no entanto, somente
houve diferen?a significativa nas tr?s temperaturas mais baixas. Com rela??o ao peso m?dio
da postura, o maior peso foi encontrado a 27?1?C (m?dia de 107?48.3 mg). O ?ndice m?dio
de produ??o de ovos e o ?ndice m?dio de efici?ncia nutricional apresentaram as maiores
m?dias a 27?1?C. O per?odo m?dio de pr?-eclos?o diferiu significativamente nos cinco
tratamentos, sendo inversamente proporcional ao aumento da temperatura. O per?odo m?dio
de eclos?o e o percentual m?dio de eclos?o foram mais longos e menores na temperatura de
18?1?C. A temperatura de 18?C pode ser utilizada quando se pretende retardar o
desenvolvimento de uma gera??o, por?m, pode apresentar um efeito delet?rio.
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