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Previous issue date: 2008-03-07 === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico === This work had as purposes to identify the metazoan parasite species of three species of
carnivorous fishes from the Tr?s Marias Reservoir and analyze the structure of the component
parasite community, besides describe the dynamic of the parasite infracommunities and their
interspecific relations. A total of 388 fishes were collected in the Tr?s Marias Reservoir, along
the influence of Borrachudo River (18?12'59"S, 45?17'34"W), Upper S?o Francisco River,
Minas Gerais State, between July and August, 2004 and 2005 (dry period) and January, 2004
and December, 2004 to January, 2005 (wet period). Of these total, 108 specimens were of
Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819) and 168 of Serrasalmus brandtii (L?tken, 1875)
(Characiformes, Characidae, Serrasalminae) and 112 of Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira,
2006 (Perciformes, Cichlidae). At least 27 taxa of metazoan parasites were found among the
three species of fishes analyzed: one of Digenea: Austrodiplostomum sp. (metacercariae);
seven of Monogenea: Rhinoxenus sp., Amphithecium sp., Gussevia sp., Anacanthorus spp. (at
least three species) and one unidentified species of Gyrodactylidae; three of Eucestoda: an
unidentified plerocercoid, Proteocephalus macrophallus (Diesing, 1850) and Proteocephalus
microscopicus Woodland, 1935; ten of Nematoda: being five species of adult specimens
Procamallanus inopinatus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, Cystidicoloides fischeri
(Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928), Capillostrongyloides sentinosa (Travassos, 1927),
Rhabdochona sp. and Philometra sp., four species of larval specimens Hysterothylacium sp.,
Contracaecum sp. Type 1, Spiroxys sp. and Goezia sp. and one juvenile specimen of Spinitectus
rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934; four of Copepoda: Brasergasilus bifurcatus Santos,
Thatcher & Brasil-Sato, 2007, Gamidactylus sp., Ergasilus sp.1 and Ergasilus sp.2; one of
Isopoda: Braga fluviatilis Richardson, 1911 and one of Branchiura: Argulus multicolor
Stekhoven, 1937. Six species of endoparasites were common in the three parasite fauna
analyzed (P. inopinatus, C. sentinosa, Hysterothylacium sp., Contracaecum sp., Spiroxys sp.
and Goezia sp.). The parasite species more prevalent and considered core species in P. piraya
were Anacanthorus spp., B. bifurcatus and P. inopinatus, in S. brandtii were Anacanthorus
spp. and in C. kelberi didn t have core species. Pygocentrus piraya presented a rich parasite
fauna among the carnivorous fishes and that of S. brandtii was more related with it, being
intermediate between the communities of P. piraya and C. kelberi. The pair Pygocentrus
piraya and S. brandtii had high endoparasitic qualitative similarity, while S. brandtii and C.
kelberi had high quantitative similarity. The structure of the metazoan parasite fauna of P.
piraya, S. brandtii and C. kelberi was similar, due of few core species, limited number of
secondary species and the presence of numerous satellite species, low number of significant
interspecific associations, besides the absence of dominance. All these characteristics classify
the three parasite fauna as isolationist evidencing the availability of niches for possible
establishment of other parasite species. This is the first report of all the parasite species in
respective hosts, except for P. inopinatus and Contracaecum sp., thus expanding the host list
and their known geographical distribution to the S?o Francisco River Basin. === Este trabalho teve como objetivos identificar as esp?cies de parasitos metazo?rios de tr?s
esp?cies de peixes carn?voros do Reservat?rio de Tr?s Marias, analisar a estrutura das
comunidades parasit?rias componentes e descrever a din?mica das infracomunidades
parasit?rias e seus relacionamentos interespec?ficos. Um total de 388 peixes foram coletados
no Reservat?rio de Tr?s Marias, na ?rea de influ?ncia do Rio Borrachudo (18?12'59"S,
45?17'34"W), Alto Rio S?o Francisco, Estado de Minas Gerais, no per?odo compreendido
entre julho a agosto de 2004 e 2005 (per?odo de estiagem) e janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de
2004 a janeiro de 2005 (per?odo chuvoso). Deste total, 108 esp?cimes eram de Pygocentrus
piraya (Cuvier, 1819) e 168 de Serrasalmus brandtii (L?tken, 1875) (Characiformes,
Characidae, Serrasalminae) e 112 de Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 (Perciformes,
Cichlidae). Pelo menos 27 esp?cies de parasitos metazo?rios foram encontradas nas tr?s
comunidades componentes. Em Digenea, foram encontradas metacerc?rias de
Austrodiplostomum sp.; em Monogenea sete esp?cies, Rhinoxenus sp., Amphithecium sp.,
Gussevia sp., Anacanthorus spp. (pelo menos tr?s esp?cies) e uma esp?cie n?o identificada
alocada em Gyrodactylidae; em Eucestoda tr?s esp?cies, plerocerc?ides n?o identificados,
Proteocephalus macrophallus (Diesing, 1850) e Proteocephalus microscopicus Woodland,
1935; em Nematoda cinco esp?cies cujos esp?cimes eram adultos, Procamallanus inopinatus
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, Cystidicoloides fischeri (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira,
1928), Capillostrongyloides sentinosa (Travassos, 1927), Rhabdochona sp. e Philometra sp.,
quatro esp?cies cujos esp?cimes eram larvais, Hysterothylacium sp., Contracaecum sp. Tipo 1,
Spiroxys sp. e Goezia sp. e uma esp?cie cujo esp?cime era juvenil, Spinitectus
rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934; em Copepoda, quatro esp?cies: Brasergasilus
bifurcatus Santos, Thatcher & Brasil-Sato, 2007, Gamidactylus sp., Ergasilus sp.1 e
Ergasilus sp.2; em Isopoda, Braga fluviatilis Richardson, 1911 e em Branchiura, Argulus
multicolor Stekhoven, 1937. Seis esp?cies de endoparasitos foram comuns aos tr?s
hospedeiros: P. inopinatus, C. sentinosa, Hysterothylacium sp., Contracaecum sp., Spiroxys
sp. e Goezia sp. As esp?cies mais prevalentes e consideradas centrais nas comunidades foram
em P. piraya, Anacanthorus spp., B. bifurcatus e P. inopinatus; em S. brandtii somente
Anacanthorus spp. e em C. kelberi n?o houve esp?cie central. Pygocentrus piraya apresentou
fauna parasit?ria mais rica, tendo sido a comunidade parasit?ria de S. brandtii a mais
pr?xima, e que estabeleceu um n?vel intermedi?rio de riqueza e diversidade parasit?rias entre
as comunidades de P. piraya e C. kelberi. Houve maior similaridade qualitativa de
endoparasitos entre o par P. piraya - S. brandtii e maior similaridade quantitativa para o par
S. brandtii - C. kelberi. A estrutura das comunidades parasit?rias de P. piraya, S. brandtii e
C. kelberi foi semelhante, pela baixa ocorr?ncia de esp?cies centrais, pela presen?a de v?rias
esp?cies sat?lites, poucas associa??es interespec?ficas significativas, al?m da aus?ncia de
domin?ncia. Todas essas caracter?sticas permitiram caracterizar as tr?s comunidades como
isolacionistas, evidenciando disponibilidade de nichos para poss?vel estabelecimento de
outras esp?cies de parasitos. O registro das esp?cies encontradas nos respectivos hospedeiros,
com exce??o de P. inopinatus e Contracaecum sp., possibilitou ampliar a lista de hospedeiros
e a extens?o da distribui??o geogr?fica conhecida delas para a Bacia do Rio S?o Francisco.
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