Avalia??o do crescimento, necessidade h?drica e efici?ncia no uso da ?gua pela cultura do piment?o (Capsicum annuum.L), sob manejo org?nico nos sistemas de plantio com preparo de solo e direto - Seropedica, RJ

• Main Author: Pereira, Jo?o Batista Alves
• Other Authors: Carvalho, Daniel Fonseca de
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro 2016
• Subjects: cultura do piment?o; an?lise de crescimeto; necessidade h?drica; coeficientes de cultivo; efici?ncia do uso da ?gua; bell pepper crop; growth analyze; hydric necessity; crop coefficients; water use efficiency; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Online Access: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/519

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Joao Batista Alves Pereira.pdf: 1832144 bytes, checksum: 36798c7d302cc3a5d500e230c9f5af03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-21 === Evaluation of the vegetal growth, hydric necessity and water use efficiency by bell pepper crop (Capsicum annum. L.) under organic management in system of seeding with prepare soil and no till cropping system. This work was conducted in the experimental area of SIPA (Integrated system of agro ecological production), at the county of Serop?dica RJ, with the aim of valuate the growth , the water needs, and the efficiency of the use of the water by the bell pepper culture (Capsicum annuum. L ), at the conventional (PC) and the direct systems of soiling. The conventional system consisted of soil prepare with rotational hoe tied to a micro tractor, and the direct soiling, being done after the occupation of the area with a combination of Sorghum bicolor and Crotal?ria acroleura, that was grazed at the transplantation of the bell pepper s seedlings without previous soil preparation. The same fertilization and cultural practices permitted by the agro ecological handling, was used in both systems. The two systems tested, received sprinkler irrigation, and the determination of the water s blade, was made by monitoring with TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry), calibrated for the soil conditions of the experimental area. The splits were also monitorated by a tensiometer at a 50 cm. deep. Collects were made at intervals of 14 days, with the aim of foliar area evaluation, biomass accumulation by the parts of the plant, along the entire cycle, being also evaluated the crop production at the two systems of soiling. By the adjustment of the IAF (Foliar Area Indices ) and the biomass accumulated by the plant at the two systems of planting in function of accumulated day-degree (GDA), was verified that 1533 GDA was necessary to complete the productive cycle, reaching the top of accumulated biomass at 1059 and 1148 GDA, at PC and PD respectivement. There were no differences between the systems of planting, in respect of the growth rate and the productivity, however the PD system gave less competition between spontaneous vegetation and the bell pepper crop, reducing in 60% the necessity of hand labor at the firsts weddings. The PD system raise the efficiency of the use of water (EUA) by the crop reducing in 47,5 mm. the blade applied during its cycle, in relation of PC. The irrigation handling using TDR, provide an meaning EUA of 4,4 Kg.m-3, above the means of 1,5 to 3,0Kg.m-3, recommended by Doorenbos & Kassam (1994). The culture coefficients (Kc) recommended for the bell pepper crop, were evaluated together with the calculated coefficients using some methodologies proposed in this work, and was noted that the estimated Kc s values of the production cycles (ETc cycle) and by the Kc curve (graphic ETc) estimated during the culture cycle, were more appropriated for the calculation of the evapotranspiration of the crop. The estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), by the pan class A method, made possible means close to those estimated by the Penman-Monteith model witch is recommended by FAO as standard. Therefore, the pan class A method, can be utilized in the estimated ETo, at same conditions of the experiment when there are no data of climate for the Penman-Monteith model use. Associated tensiometry and TDR for irrigation management, showed to be an essential practice when looking for raising the efficiency of the use of water. === Este trabalho foi realizado na ?rea experimental do SIPA (Sistema Integrado de produ??o Agroecol?gica), localizada no munic?pio de Serop?dica-RJ, com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento, as necessidades h?dricas e a efici?ncia no uso da ?gua pela cultura do piment?o (Capsicum annuum. L), nos sistemas de plantio convencional (PC) e direto (PD). O sistema convencional consistiu de preparo de solo com enxada rotativa acoplada a micro-trator e o plantio direto, na ocupa??o da ?rea com pr?-cultivo, utilizando o cons?rcio Sorghum bicolor e Crotal?ria acroleura, os quais foram ro?ados por ocasi?o do transplante das mudas de piment?o, sem o preparo pr?vio do solo. Em ambos os tratamentos a cultura recebeu a mesma aduba??o de cova e tratos culturais permitidos pelo manejo agroecol?gico. Nos dois sistemas de plantio a cultura foi irrigada por aspers?o, e a determina??o das l?minas aplicadas, foi realizada atrav?s do monitoramento com TDR (Reflectometria no dom?nio do tempo), calibrado para as condi??es de solo da ?rea experimental. As parcelas foram monitoradas tamb?m por tensi?metro no perfil de 50cm de profundidade. Foram realizadas coletas em intervalos de 14 dias com a finalidade de avaliar a ?rea foliar e acumulo de biomassa pelas partes da planta, durante todo o seu ciclo, sendo avaliado tamb?m a produ??o pela cultura nos dois sistemas de plantio. Por meio do ajuste do IAF e da biomassa acumulada pela planta nos dois sistemas de plantio em fun??o de graus-dia acumulado (GDA), constatou-se que s?o necess?rios 1533 GDA para que a planta complete o seu ciclo produtivo, atingindo o m?ximo de biomassa acumulada aos 1059 e 1148 GDA, no PC e PD, respectivamente. Os sistemas de plantio n?o diferiram significativamente entre si com rela??o ?s taxas de crescimento e produtividade, entretanto o plantio direto proporcionou menor competi??o da vegeta??o espont?nea com a cultura, reduzindo em 60 % a necessidade de m?o-de-obra nas primeiras capinas. O PD aumentou a efici?ncia no uso da ?gua (EUA), pela cultura, reduzindo em 47,5mm a l?mina aplicada durante o seu ciclo, em rela??o ao PC. O manejo da irriga??o utilizando o TDR, proporcionou a EUA m?dia de 4,4kg.m-3, acima dos valores 1,5 a 3,0kg.m-3 propostos por Doorenbos e Kassam (1994). Os Coeficientes de cultivo (Kc) recomendados para a cultura, foram avaliados juntamente com os calculados por v?rias metodologias propostas neste trabalho, verificando-se que os valores de Kc estimados em fun??o dos ciclos de produ??o (ETc ciclo) e pela curva de Kc (ETc gr?fico) estimados durante o ciclo da cultura, se mostraram mais adequados ao c?lculo da evapotranspira??o da cultura. A estimativa da evapotranspira??o refer?ncia (ETo), pelo m?todo do tanque classe A , possibilitou valores pr?ximos aos estimados pelo modelo de Penman-Monteith recomendado pela FAO como padr?o. Portanto o m?todo do tanque classe A poder? ser utilizado na estimativa da ETo, em condi??es semelhantes a do experimento, quando n?o houver disponibilidade de dados clim?ticos para o uso do modelo de Penman- Monteith. O uso da tensiometria associado ao TDR no manejo de irriga??o revelou ser uma pr?tica indispens?vel, quando se almeja aumentar a efici?ncia no uso da ?gua.