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2009 - Simone Daniel Pereira.pdf: 539585 bytes, checksum: ecafc7836af384f97d846d0fe4d46e7c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-06-07 === In the late two decades, the telecommunications sector passed through great transformations. On the one hand, the advent of the microelectronics base has provoked a technological revolution in the telecommunications industry, which resulted in new services, new transmission and switching equipment and the convergence with others segments of the electronic complex. On the other hand, a set of institutional and regulatory changes introduced in some developed countries, has brought important modifications in the organization of the sector all over the world. At the same time, with the increasing internationalization and integration processes between national economies (the well known globalization process), the telecommunications sector became the essential infrastructure for the participation of citizens, firms, regions and countries in the new international environment. The telecommunications industry is changing due to regulatory reasons and for emerging technologies that transformed the industry framework. Regulatory changes facilitate the privatization wave that happened in the end of the 1990 s, fostering competition in the sector. The technology convergence of telephony, information technology, television and internet, creates a new paradigm for this market. The market reconfiguration leads to acquisitions and mergers, motivated by the economy of scale necessary to bare the high fixed costs of technological infrastructure. === O setor de telecomunica??es vem passando por enormes transforma??es nas duas ?ltimas d?cadas. De um lado, a introdu??o da microeletr?nica provocou uma revolu??o tecnol?gica na ind?stria de telecomunica??es, que resultou no surgimento de novos servi?os, novos equipamentos de transmiss?o e comuta??o, bem como na converg?ncia com outros setores do complexo eletr?nico. De outro lado, um conjunto de mudan?as institucionais e regulat?rias foram rapidamente absolvidas nos pa?ses mais desenvolvidos, provocando altera??es significativas na estrutura do setor em todo o mundo. Paralelamente, o avan?o da internacionaliza??o e da integra??o entre as economias nacionais, amplamente conhecido como globaliza??o, tornou as telecomunica??es a infra-estrutura t?cnica fundamental para a inser??o de cidad?os, firmas, regi?es e pa?ses no ambiente econ?mico e social internacional. A ind?stria de telecomunica??es vem sofrendo mudan?as motivadas por quest?es regulat?rias e por tecnologias emergentes que transformam o cen?rio da ind?stria. As mudan?as regulat?rias propiciaram todo o movimento de privatiza??es que aconteceram no final dos anos 90, promovendo a competi??o no setor. A converg?ncia de tecnologias de telefonia, tecnologia de informa??o, televis?o e internet, criam um novo paradigma para o mercado. O realinhamento do mercado resulta em movimentos de fus?es e aquisi??es, motivados pelos ganhos de escala necess?rios para fazer frente aos altos custos fixos de infra-estrutura.
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