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Previous issue date: 2017-04-27 === The aim of this study was to characterize by ultrasonography and histopathology the injuries of cows discarded. For this, 50 mammary glands were collected from cows slaughtered for food in a frigorific on Rio de Janeiro state. Each mammary quartery was externally and internally inspected and we evaluated the presence of injuries and alterations. Twenty-six glands were evaluated by ultrasonography using a 7.5 MHz transrectal transducer. For the histopatological examination we collected fragments with macroscopic alterations that were placed in flasks containing formalin 10% buffered solution of routinely processed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated in microscopy. The most of macroscopic changes occurred in the mammary parenchyma and few changes were observed in the skin and teats. The most frequent changes in the parenchyma were fibrosis, followed by hyperemia, hypertrophy, presence of abscesses and edema. In addition, different types of secretion were observed: milky with normal appearance, milky with whitish or yellowish lumps, thick yellowish-greenish, gelatinous with homogeneous translucent appearance, ranging from colorless, yellowish and brownish yellow. In ultrasonography, changes in ecotexture, echogenicity, presence of gas, nodules and high cellularity content were observed in the parenchyma, gland cistern and teats. The most of teats showed normal wall, followed by hyperechoic and few of mixed echogenicity.The content observation was not possible in most of the teats cisterns, and when we observed, the majority had content without cellularity (normal). In the parenchyma, the most of the contents observed showed mixed or increased echogenicity, most of heterogeneity ecotexture. In the histopathological examination of the mammary tissues, the most frequent finding was the presence of inflammatory infiltrates more commonly consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages. Inflammatory cells were most frequently within the tubules and surrounding the acini and galactophore ducts. In the skin was observed orthokeratosisand and in teats the papilloma in addition moderate or mildmultifocal chronic granulomatous dermatitis. In lymph nodes only one alteration characterized as moderate multifocal acute purulent lymphadenitis was observed. In addition to inflammatory infiltrates, the presence of corpora amylacea in seven samples was observed in the mammary parenchyma. It is concluded that the macroscopic, ultrasonographic and histopathological evaluation methods added to the physical examination can promote a more complete and efficient diagnosis for the diseases of the mammary glands of this species. === Prop?s-se com este estudo caracterizar por ultrassonografia e histopatologia as les?es de gl?ndulas mam?rias de vacas de descarte. Para isso, foram coletadas 50 ?beres (200 quartos mam?rios) de vacas abatidas para consumo em um frigor?fico no Estado do Rio de janeiro. Cada quarto mam?rio foi inspecionado externa e internamente, sendo avaliadas as les?es e as altera??es presentes. Vinte e seis gl?ndulas foram avaliadas por ultrassonografia utilizando-se transdutor retal de 7,5 MHz. Para o exame histopatol?gico foram coletados fragmentos com altera??es macrosc?picas, acondicionados em frascos contendo formol a 10% tamponado, processados rotineiramente, corados com hematoxilina e eosina e avaliados em microscopia ?ptica. A maior parte das altera??es macrosc?picas ocorreu no par?nquima mam?rio e poucas altera??es foram observadas na pele e nos tetos. As altera??es mais encontradas no par?nquima foram fibrose, seguida de hiperemia, hipertrofia, abscessos e edema. Al?m destas foram observados diferentes tipos de secre??o: leitosa com aspecto normal, leitosa com grumos esbranqui?ados ou amarelados, espessa de colora??o amarelo-esverdeada, gelatinosa com aspecto homog?neo transl?cido variando entre incolor, amarelada e amarelo-amarronzada. Na ultrassonografia foram observados no par?nquima, cisterna da gl?ndula e dos tetos altera??es de ecotextura, ecogenicidade, presen?a de g?s, n?dulos e conte?do com alta celularidade. A maioria dos tetos apresentou parede normoecoica, seguida por hiperecoica e poucos de ecogenicidade mista. A observa??o de conte?do n?o foi poss?vel na maioria das cisternas do teto, e quando observado a maioria apresentava baixa celularidade (normal). No par?nquima, a maioria dos conte?dos observados apresentaram ecogenicidade mista ou aumentada, a maioria de ecotextura heterog?nea. No exame histopatol?gico dos tecidos mam?rios, o achado mais frequente foi a presen?a de infiltrado inflamat?rio, mais comumente consistindo de linf?citos e macr?fagos. As c?lulas inflamat?rias estavam com maior frequ?ncia no interior dos t?bulos e circundando os ?cinos e ductos galact?foros. Na pele foi observada ortoqueratose, nos tetos papiloma e dermatite granulomatosa cr?nica multifocal leve ou moderada. Em linfonodos apenas observou-se uma altera??o caracterizada como linfadenite purulenta aguda multifocal moderada. Al?m dos infiltrados inflamat?rios, no par?nquima mam?rio foi observada a presen?a de corpora amylacea em sete amostras. Conclui-se que os m?todos de avalia??o macrosc?pica, ultrassonogr?fica e histopatol?gica, somados ao exame f?sico podem promover um diagn?stico mais completo e eficiente para as enfermidades de gl?ndulas mam?rias desta esp?cie.
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