Efeitos da amoniza??o sobre o valor nutritivo do feno de capim-elefante colhido ap?s o florescimento

• Main Author: MORAIS, Leonardo Fiusa de
• Other Authors: Almeida, Jo?o Carlos de Carvalho
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro 2017
• Subjects: Low quality forage; Gas production; Chemical treatment; Forragens de baixa qualidade; Produ??o de g?s; Tratamento qu?mico; Produ??o Animal
• Online Access: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1414

Submitted by Jorge Silva ([e-mail]) on 2017-02-09T18:53:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo Fiusa de Morais.pdf: 1229717 bytes, checksum: 4c0be638ee0ef0a26e196c1343e1858b (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T18:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo Fiusa de Morais.pdf: 1229717 bytes, checksum: 4c0be638ee0ef0a26e196c1343e1858b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 === CAPES === The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ammoniated with different doses of urea in two treatment periods, and 3 different sources of urease on the nutritional value of elephant grass harvested after flowering in two chapters. The first chapter assessed the nutrition value of hay application of 2, 4, 6 and 8% of urea in two treatment periods (30 and 45 days) and control (not hay ammoniated). The second chapter evaluated the legume soybean, pigeon peas and jack beans sedds as urease sources, with the addition of 1, 2, 3 and 4% in ammoniated hay with urea and the control treatment (ammoniated hay with 4% urea without urease sources). The Experimental design was completely randomized in organized in double factorial arrangement with additional treatment. Dry matter (DM), ash, ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), neutral detergent fiber corrected for the ash and the protein (NDFap), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, lignin, total nitrogen (TN), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), Non protein N (NPN), in vitro gas production(Parameters: Vf1, k1, Vf2, K2 e L) and Carbohydrates fractioning were analysed. In the first study, was applied urea different doses at treatment periods, there was a difference (p<0,05) between the control and combination of factorial treatments for DM, EE, NDF, ADF, lignina, cellulose, NDFap, A + B1 fraction, B2 fraction, C fraction, TN, NPN, ADIN, NDIN, k1, L, Vf2, k2. Linear effect from dose was observed to NDFap, ADIN and NDIN and increasing dose to A+B1 fraction, TN, NNP. A quadratic effect for to Vf2, with point absolute maximum of 5,2% urea, and effect treatment period to Vf2 e K2, with higher and lower Vf2 K2 for hay treated 45 days. There was interaction (p<0,01) between sources of urease and level for NDF, ADF and lignin. The addition of 3% soybean or jack bean as a source of urease, resulted in lower NDF, and were not statistically different (p> 0.05), while pork beans had the highest NDF. There was a difference (P<0,05) between the control and combination of factorial treatments for NDF, A + B1 fraction. There was no interaction (p> 0.05) between source application level of urease, but was no effect (p <0.01) of urease source for NPN and ADIN. There was interaction (p <0.05) between source application level of urease to Vf1, but there was no interaction (p> 0.05) for k1, L, Vf2 and k2. Ammoniation urea and adding urease sources is an efficient method for chemical treatment of the elephant grass hay harvested after flowering, mainly by increasing the solubility fiber, in addition to the increased supply of non-protein nitrogen to rumen microorganisms, which resulted in improvement in vitro gas production of the kinetic parameters. === Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da amoniza??o com aplica??o de diferentes doses de ur?ia em dois per?odos tratamento, e 3 diferentes fontes de urease, sobre o valor nutritivo do feno de capim-elefante colhido ap?s o florescimento, em dois cap?tulos. O primeiro cap?tulo avaliou o valor nutritivo do feno com aplica??o de 2, 4, 6 e 8% de ureia com base na mat?ria seca, em dois per?odos de tratamento (30 e 45 dias) e o controle (feno n?o amonizado),e o segundo que avaliou o efeito da adi??o de gr?os mo?dos das leguminosas soja, feij?o guandu e feij?o de porco como fontes de urease, em niveis de 1, 2, 3 e 4% com base na mat?ria seca do feno amonizado com 4% de ureia, e o tratamento controle (feno amonizado com 4% de ureia sem adi??o de fonte de ur?ase). O Delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial duplo com tratamento adicional com 4 repeti??es por tratamento para os dois estudos. Foram realizadas as an?lises de mat?ria seca (MS), cinzas, extrato et?reo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e prote?nas (FDNcp), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), celulose, lignina, prote?na bruta (PB), nitrog?nio insol?vel no detergente ?cido (NIDA) e produ??o cumulativa de g?s in vitro (Par?metros: Vf1, k1, Vf2, K2 e L) e o fracionamento de carboidratos. No primeiro estudo, houve diferen?a entre controle e a combina??o de tratamentos fatoriais para MS, EE, FDN, FDA, Lignina, celulose, FDNcp, fra??o A + B1, fra??o B2, fra??o C, NT, NNP, NIDA, NIDN, K1, L, Vf2, K2, e efeito (p <0,05) linear decrescente de dose de ureia para FDNcp, NIDA e NIDN e crescente de dose para fra??o A+B1, NT, NNP, efeito quadr?tico crescente de dose de ureia para Vf2 com ponto m?ximo absoluto de 5,2% de ureia.houve efeito de per?odo de tratamento para Vf2 e K2, com maior Vf2 e menor K2 para o feno tratado durante 45 dias. Houve intera??o (p<0,01) entre fonte de ur?ase e n?vel de fonte de ur?ase para FDN, FDA e lignina, sendo que a adi??o de 3,0% de soja ou feij?o guandu como fonte de ur?ase, resultaram em menores valores de FDN. Houve diferen?a (P<0,05) entre o controle e a combina??o de tratamentos fatoriais para FDN e fra??o A + B1 , mas n?o houve diferen?a (p > 0,05) entre o controle e a combina??o de tratamentos fatoriais para mat?ria seca, cinzas e extrato et?reo, mas foi observado efeito (p < 0,01) de fonte de ur?ase para extrato et?reo. N?o houve intera??o (p>0,05) entre fonte de ur?ase de n?vel de aplica??o, mas houve efeito (p<0,01) de fonte de urease para NNP e NIDA. Houve intera??o (p<0,05) entre fonte de ur?ase de n?vel de aplica??o para Vf1, mas n?o houve intera??o (p>0,05) para k1, L, Vf2 e k2. A dose m?nima de 5,2% de ureia durante um per?odo de 45 dias, proporcionou melhoria valor nutricional do feno de capim elefante. A amoniza??o com ureia e adi??o de fontes de ur?ase ? um m?todo eficiente para tratamento qu?mico do feno de capim elefante colhido ap?s o florescimento, principalmente pelo aumento da solubilidade fibra, al?m da maior oferta de nitrog?nio n?o proteico aos microrganismos ruminais, que resultou em melhoria dos par?metros cin?ticos de produ??o de g?s in vitro.