Avalia??o de estrat?gias para remedia??o de solo contaminado por chumbo e b?rio provenientes de res?duos de perfura??o de po?o de prospec??o de petr?leo

• Main Author: ANDRADE, Andr? Fern?o Martins de
• Other Authors: AMARAL SOBRINHO, Nelson Moura Brasil do
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro 2016
• Subjects: Heavy metals; Soil washing; Phytoremediation; Metais pesados; Lavagem de solo; Fitorremedia??o; Agronomia - Ci?ncia do Solo
• Online Access: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1237

Submitted by Jorge Silva ([e-mail]) on 2016-10-04T21:35:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Andr? Fern?o Martins de Andrade.pdf: 4307696 bytes, checksum: d679370ce9902b97ed91c98436c9103a (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T21:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Andr? Fern?o Martins de Andrade.pdf: 4307696 bytes, checksum: d679370ce9902b97ed91c98436c9103a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 === UNIFOA === This study begun with a field survey in a one hectare area of petroleum drill waste (rocks and mud came from perforation) in Santa Maria do Oeste, in Paran? state, Brazil. It was verified different levels of metal contamination in the area, according to the surface position and with depth, with barium and lead over the investigation standard according to legislation. The highest level contaminated material was collected and used in a laboratory and greenhouse experiment at the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, initiated on December, 2007, and completed on June, 2010. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of remediation by washing contaminated soil (in situ and ex-situ) as well as phytoremediation. The waste washing ex-situ was simulated such as the contaminant would be removed from soil using a rotating device, with soil mixed with an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution in the proportion of 1:10. Removal of lead and calcium increased proportionally to concentration of extractor (from 100 to 1500 mmol L-1). Removal of barium increased considerably above 600 mmol L-1. Iron and manganese showed little influence by different concentration of extractor. The soil washing in-situ was simulated by addition of two solutions of EDTA, with concentration of 150 and 300 mmol L-1, and the control (water). The material was incubated in plastic columns, for three weeks, after that volumes of 100 mL of deionized water were added weekly for three weeks, and after that samples were taken daily up to a total of ten. The leached was collected and the barium and lead content were analyzed, also other metals that could interfere with the extraction. The fractions (exchangeable, iron bound, organic matter bound, and residual) that metals were associates in the waste, before and after washing, were also determined. It was found, in the higher EDTA concentration, a small extraction of barium, while lead had about 20% of the total in soil extracted. The phytoremediation was carry on with two species, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, an herbaceous plant, and Cordia africana, an arboreal. The plants growing up in vases with 4 kg of substratum were irrigated with deionized water and Hoagland nutrient solution (25% of ionic power). Two treatments were used in the phytoextraction induced with EDTA, in the concentration of 6 mmol L-1 (with one single application, and 3 dosages of 2 mmol L-1), plus the control. After 150 days for Brachiaria and 270 days for Cordia, the plants were collected, and analyzed (root and shoots) for heavy metal content. EDTA was effective to induce metal absorption, except for barium and calcium, where lead concentrated in the roots and barium in leaves (with highest concentration for EDTA applied in one dose). For Cordia, barium distributed equally in the plant sections, and lead concentrated in the roots. === Este trabalho iniciou-se com levantamento de campo na ?rea de despejo do res?duo de perfura??o de po?o de prospec??o de petr?leo (cascalhos e fluidos da broca) em Santa Maria do Oeste, Estado do Paran?, que possui ?rea aproximada de um hectare. Constatou-se que a ?rea apresentava diferentes n?veis de contamina??o de metais, estando, de acordo com sua posi??o no plano e em profundidade, com n?veis de b?rio e o chumbo na faixa de investiga??o, conforme norma legal. O material com maior n?vel de contamina??o foi coletado e utilizado em experimento de laborat?rio e casa de vegeta??o no campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, a partir do m?s de dezembro de 2007 e finalizado em junho de 2010. Objetivou-se avaliar a efici?ncia da remedia??o atrav?s da lavagem do solo contaminado (in situ e ex-situ) bem como da sua fitorremedia??o. A lavagem do res?duo ex-situ foi simulada como aquela em que o contaminante seria removido do solo em um reator rotativo, onde o solo seria misturado em batelada a solu??o de EDTA na propor??o 1:10. A remo??o de chumbo e c?lcio aumentou com o aumento da concentra??o do extrator (de 100 a 1500 mmol L-1). A remo??o do b?rio aumentou consideravelmente acima de 600 mmol L-1; ferro e mangan?s foram pouco influenciados pelas diferentes concentra??es. A lavagem do solo in situ foi feita com adi??o de duas solu??es de ?cido etilenodiamino tetra-ac?tico diss?dico (Na2EDTA), de concentra??es 150 e 300 mol L-1, al?m da testemunha (?gua), em colunas est?ticas que, ap?s um per?odo de tr?s semanas de incuba??o, receberam 100 mL de ?gua deionizada a cada semana por tr?s semanas e, depois, uma coleta por dia at? perfazer 10 coletas. Os lixiviados foram coletados e analisados os teores dos contaminantes b?rio e chumbo, al?m de outros metais interferentes com a extra??o. Determinou-se, ainda, as diversas fra??es (troc?vel, ligada a ?xidos, ligada ? mat?ria org?nica e residual) em que esses metais se encontravam no res?duo antes e ap?s a lavagem. Foi verificada, na maior concentra??o de EDTA, extra??o insignificante de b?rio, enquanto o chumbo teve extra?do cerca de 20% do seu total no solo. A fitorremedia??o deu-se por meio do uso de duas esp?cies, uma herb?cea (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) e outra lenhosa (Cordia africana). As plantas se desenvolveram em vasos com 4 kg de substrato, recebendo fertirriga??o (solu??o de Hoagland a 25% de for?a i?nica). Foram usados dois tratamentos na fitoextra??o induzida com EDTA, na concentra??o de 6 mmol L-1 em duas formas de aplica??o (3 aplica??es de 2 mmol.L-1 e uma de 6 mmol L-1) e a testemunha. Ap?s per?odo de desenvolvimento de 150 dias para a braqui?ria e de 270 dias para a c?rdia, as plantas foram coletadas tendo suas ra?zes e a parte a?rea analisada quanto ao conte?do de metais. Na braqui?ria, o EDTA foi efetivo na indu??o da absor??o dos metais com exce??o do b?rio e do c?lcio, tendo o chumbo se concentrado nas ra?zes e o b?rio nas folhas (com maior concentra??o no tratamento de aplica??o ?nica de EDTA). Na c?rdia, o b?rio distribuiu-se igualmente entre as partes analisadas e o chumbo se concentrou nas ra?zes.