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Previous issue date: 2018-06-25 === A prevalência da doença celíaca (DC) vem aumentando globalmente nas últimas décadas. Indivíduos pertencentes aos chamados grupos de risco, como diabéticos tipo 1 e crianças com baixa estatura, possuem uma probabilidade maior de manifestarem esta doença autoimune do trato intestinal, muitas vezes de forma assintomática, mas que pode evoluir com complicações crônicas, como osteoporose e neoplasias intestinais malignas, se não diagnosticados e tratados de forma precoce. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a prevalência da doença celíaca em crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo I (DM1) ou com baixa estatura (BE), em ambulatório especializado de endocrinologia e em clínica privada pediátrica, em Juiz de Fora, MG. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, realizado entre janeiro de 2012 e abril de 2016. Um total de 225 pacientes, entre 2 e 16 anos de idade, foram convidados a participar: 104 eram saudáveis (grupo controle - GC), enquanto 58 apresentavam DMl e 63 tinham BE. Desse total, 126 (56%) compareceram para dosagem do anticorpo antitransglutaminase tecidual IgA (TTG IgA) e IgA sérica. Neste grupo, 60 (47,6%) eram do GC, 39 tinham BE (30,9%) e 27 DMl (21,4%). Os casos soropositivos foram encaminhados para biópsia intestinal por endoscopia digestiva alta. Dos 126 pacientes, 6 (4,8%) apresentaram anticorpo TTG IgA positivo, dos quais 1 (1,7%) pertencia ao GC e 5 (7,6%) ao grupo com DMl ou BE (analisados em conjunto). Todos os pacientes com TTG IgA positivo tiveram histopatologia compatível com DC. Pacientes com DMl e BE apresentaram um odds ratio (OR) de 7,37 e 3,18, respectivamente, para DC. A prevalência de DC na população pediátrica com BE ou DMl foi 4,5 vezes maior que na população geral. Este achado sugere que o screening para DC deva ser implementado rotineiramente em pacientes pediátricos com DMl ou BE. === The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) is increasing globally in recent decades. Individuals belonging to the so-called groups at risk, such as diabetic type 1 and children with short stature, have a higher probability to express this autoimmune disease of the intestinal tract, often under an asymptomatic form, although can evolve with chronic complications such as osteoporosis and intestinal malignant neoplasms, if not diagnosed and treated early. This study evaluates the prevalence of celiac disease in children belonging to groups at risk, with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) or with short stature (SS), based on a research carried out at a specialized endocrinology unit and at a private pediatric clinic, in Juiz de Fora, MG. This is an observational and cross-sectional study, conducted since January 2012 through April 2016. A total of 225 patients, between 2 and 16 years of age, were invited to participate: 104 were healthy (control group - CG), while 58 were DMl and 63 had SS. Of this total, 126 (56%) attended for the dosage of the tissue anti-transglutaminase antibody IgA (tTG-IgA) and serum IgA. In this group, 60 (47.6%) were CG, 39 had SS (30.9%) and 27 (21.4%) DM1. The HIV-positive cases were submitted to an intestinal biopsy by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Among 126 patients, 6 (4.8%) showed positive IgA-tTG antibody, of which 1 (1.7%) belonged to the CG and 5 (7.6%) to the DMl or SS group (considered together). All the patients with tTG-IgA positive had histopathology compatible with CD. Patients with DMl and SS presented an odds ratio (OR) of 7.37 and 3.18, respectively, for CD. The prevalence of CD in the pediatric population with SS or DMl was 4.5 times higher than in the general population. This finding suggests that the screening for CD should be implemented routinely in pediatric patients with DMl or SS.
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