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Previous issue date: 2012-10-16 === The essay investigates the quilombola (people who lived in quilombos community of slaves that had escaped from their masters) black children in their processes of identity constitution through the voices of the children living in a quilombola community in Araçatiba/ES, considering their individual and collective experiences. The research work was developed in the quilombola community in Araçatiba/ES, mainly, in the Ark of Letters Program (Rural Library Program of the Ministry of Agrarian Development), involving the children found in this place. The research aims at seeing the children as subject and social actor in the relations, understanding them as produced and producer of history and culture. In order to substantiate the study, it was used a historical-cultural approach, having as contribution the Vigotski conceptions (2000, 2007, 2008) about the society and culture role regarding the subjects‟ constitution. In this movement, it intends for a dialogue with some authors such as Sarmento (1997, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008), Corsaro (2005, 2009), Kramer (2002, 2003), among others who have been standing out the need to know better the children and their childhood in the concreteness of their experiences. To understand the racial ethnic issues and their implications in the identity constitution and in the back child education, it searches for authors such as Cavalleiro (2001, 2005), Munanga (1996, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2008), Gomes (2001, 2007), André (2008), Oliveira (2001, 2005, 2012), among others who research on such thematic. The method used is the ethnographic study-case, which orientated the works in the data production process, using the participant observation and a semi-structures interview as instruments, here named as talks, besides photography, drawings and oral reports. The study made possible to understand how the racist ideologies are built and naturalized throughout the history of the black population in Brazil and how it is still negatively affecting the identity constitution of the black child subject. The research still mentions that other histories are being built through the struggle of the quilombola communities to regulate their territories and for the acknowledgement of their cultural heritage, what in a certain way, has been drafting other possibilities of fundamental experiences to constitute this quilombola black child. The acquaintanceship and the dialogue with those children indicate the necessity to review the importance and non-importance we give to things and signalize other new possibilities of identity constitution that can be potentiate if the importance of the mediations in this transformation process of how to be a black subject in this society are comprehended
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