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Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 === A pesquisa tem por objetivo explicar o processo político que resultou na configuração institucional do setor federal de transportes consubstanciado na Lei 10.233, de 2001, que reestruturou os transportes aquaviário e terrestre, criou duas agências reguladoras autônomas vinculadas ao Ministério dos Transportes e um conselho para propor políticas nacionais de integração dos diferentes modos de transporte, além do Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes. Utilizando-se a abordagem teórica do institucionalismo histórico da Ciência Política contemporânea e o método de comparação controlada com um caso contrastante, a saber, a reestruturação institucional do setor de telecomunicações, a análise mostra como a sequência do processo de reforma e a atuação do mecanismo de policy feedback delinearam um tipo de mudança institucional no setor de transportes caracterizado pela introdução de novas regras e organizações sobre as existentes, diferentemente da mudança no setor de telecomunicações, no qual foram removidas as antigas regras e organizações, substituindo-as por novas. === This research aims to explain the political process that resulted in the current institutional arrangement of the federal transportation sector in Brazil. The Federal Law 10233, of 2001, restructured water and land transportation; it created two autonomous regulatory agencies, a council to propose national policies to integrate the different modes of transport, and the National Department of Transport Infrastructure. Using the theoretical approach of historical institutionalism from contemporary Political Science and the method of controlled comparison between two contrasting cases, namely the cases of the telecommunication and transportation institutional reforms, the analysis concludes that the temporal ordering of the reform process and the mechanism of policy feedback had a significant impact on the outcomes of the transportation case, delineating a pattern of institutional change characterized by the introduction of new rules and organizations on top of existing ones, whereas in the telecommunication sector the institutional change was typified by the removal of existing rules and organizations and the introduction of new ones.
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