Sentidos do suic??dio: uma escuta de m??es que perderam seus filhos

• Main Author: Borges, Miguel Gil Pinheiro
• Other Authors: Freitas, Marta Helena
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia 2017
• Subjects: M??es; Suic??dio; Sentidos; Psicologia; Fenomenologia; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
• Online Access: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2155

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro ([e-mail]) on 2017-06-14T20:14:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelGilPinheiroBorgesDissertacaoParcial2014.pdf: 604066 bytes, checksum: 91ce58a7192eda5e831f77f7fea69869 (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro ([e-mail]) on 2017-06-14T20:14:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelGilPinheiroBorgesDissertacaoParcial2014.pdf: 604066 bytes, checksum: 91ce58a7192eda5e831f77f7fea69869 (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T20:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelGilPinheiroBorgesDissertacaoParcial2014.pdf: 604066 bytes, checksum: 91ce58a7192eda5e831f77f7fea69869 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-02 === Suicide is a complex phenomenon, which numbers, nationally and internationally, have been increasing; it has being considered a public health issue, with high financial and emotional costs to those involved. This research investigates meanings attributed to voluntary death by mothers, identifying and discussing possible relations between these meanings and interpretations of epidemiological suicide found in the scientific literature to develop an appreciation resulting from these comparisons, influenced by a phenomenological reading. To meet the proposed objectives, it was chosen a qualitative methodology, inspired by phenomenology, in which it was used a semi-structured interview, that was applied in two volunteers collaborators mothers who lost a son by suicide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, a synthesis of each of them was made, which were verified with each collaborator and from these syntheses it was made a global synthesis, from which, by variant and invariant aspects, was made an exercise of apprehension of the "general structure of the lived". From an ethical point of view, the entire methodological procedures were thought and done considering two questions: how to listen those mothers without psychologically hurt them? What to do if that happens? The invariant aspects were gathered as follows: 'Omission of death', 'Tension between talking and silence about a son's death', 'Search for the reasons of a son??s death', 'Sense of responsibility for the life/death of a son', 'Feelings of guilt and impotency', 'The issue of religion/religiosity as a resource for dealing with loss???. And the variant aspects were these ones: 'To be or not to be a biological mother', 'Who found the son's body', 'Job', 'Time of mourning', 'Relation between understandability of a son??s suicide and an organic disease'. From the dialogue between the meanings of suicide and the multiple meanings of the word meaning in Portuguese, it was understood that this word, in Portuguese, is consistent with the suicide complexity. It was identified degrees of similarities and differences in the relations between invariant and variant aspects and epidemiological interpretations withdrawn from the scientific literature. Epidemiological productions have not been enough, considering intervening/preventative measures, to deal with the suicide issue. It was concluded that incomprehensibility, unpredictability, impotency and irreversibility of death were the most essential aspects of the meanings of a son??s voluntary death for the collaborators. These meanings are not, considering the current scientific and philosophical rationality, clearly intelligible and rational categorizable, but are comprehensible by a sensitive perspective and an intuitive logic point of view. It was also concluded that similarities and differences in the relationships between epidemiological interpretations and meanings of suicide should be investigated more in terms of degrees than in terms of contents. It was understood that most of interventional/preventive proposals, based on epidemiological model, tend to be too generalist, not ensuring accuracy nor ethical and methodological conditions to evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency. These epidemiological interpretations, in general, are descriptive and topographic considering the particularities and subtleties of the emotional impact that the suicide of a son triggers in a mother. === O suic??dio se apresenta como fen??meno complexo, que vem registrando aumento em seus n??meros, nacional e internacionalmente; sendo considerado problema de sa??de p??blica, com altos custos financeiros e emocionais para os envolvidos. Esta disserta????o buscou investigar sentidos do suic??dio atribu??dos por m??es ?? morte volunt??ria de seus filhos, como tamb??m identificar e discutir poss??veis rela????es entre esses sentidos e as interpreta????es epidemiol??gicas do suic??dio encontradas na literatura consultada, desenvolvendo uma aprecia????o cr??tica decorrente dessas compara????es, pautada por uma leitura fenomenol??gica. Para atender aos objetivos propostos, optou-se por metodologia qualitativa, inspirada pela fenomenologia, na qual se utilizou uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizadas com duas m??es que perderam seus filhos por meio do suic??dio e que, voluntariamente, foram colaboradoras desta pesquisa. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas, fez-se uma s??ntese de cada uma delas, que foram conferidas pelas respectivas colaboradoras, e dessas s??nteses confeccionou-se uma s??ntese global, a partir da qual, por meio de aspectos variantes e invariantes, fez-se um exerc??cio de apreens??o da ???estrutura geral do vivido???. Do ponto de vista ??tico, o m??todo foi todo pensado e realizado considerando duas quest??es: como ouvir essas m??es sem violent??-las tanto? O que fazer caso isso ocorresse? Como aspectos invariantes foram depreendidos: ???Omiss??o da morte???, ???Tens??o entre falar e silenciar sobre a morte do filho???, ???Busca do ???porqu????? da morte do filho???, ???Sentimento de responsabilidade pela vida/morte do filho???, ???Sentimentos de culpa e impot??ncia???, ???A quest??o da religi??o/religiosidade como recurso para lidar com a perda. E como aspectos variantes foram depreendidos: ???Ser ou n??o m??e biol??gica???, ???Quem encontrou o corpo do filho???, ???Profiss??o???, ???Tempo de luto???, ???Rela????o entre compreensibilidade do suic??dio e doen??a org??nica???. Do di??logo entre sentidos do suic??dio e os m??ltiplos sentidos da palavra sentido, depreendeu-se que a concep????o de sentido para a fenomenologia se apresenta como no????o abarcadora da complexidade demandante do tema suic??dio. Identificaram-se graus de semelhan??as e diferen??as nas rela????es entre aspectos invariantes e variantes e as interpreta????es epidemiol??gicas provenientes da literatura consultada. As produ????es epidemiol??gicas n??o t??m sido suficientes, do ponto de vista interventivo/preventivo, para lidar com a quest??o do suic??dio. Concluiu-se que incompreensibilidade, imprevisibilidade, impot??ncia e irreversibilidade da morte foram os aspectos mais essenciais dos sentidos da morte volunt??ria dos pr??prios filhos na percep????o das m??es entrevistadas. Esses sentidos n??o se apresentam, considerando as racionalidades cient??ficas e filos??ficas atuais, de forma claramente intelig??vel e racionalmente categoriz??vel, mas s??o compreens??veis do ponto de vista da sensibilidade e l??gica intuitiva. Concluiu-se tamb??m que semelhan??as e diferen??as nas rela????es entre interpreta????es epidemiol??gicas e sentidos do suic??dio devem ser pesquisadas mais em termos de graus do que de conte??dos. Entende-se ainda que a maioria das propostas interventivas/preventivas, baseadas no modelo epidemiol??gico, tendem a ser generalistas, n??o garantido precis??o e nem condi????es ??ticas e metodol??gicas de avalia????o de sua efic??cia e efici??ncia. Afinal, tais interpreta????es em geral se apresentaram como descritivas e topogr??ficas em rela????o ??s particularidades e sutilezas do impacto emocional que o suic??dio de um filho desencadeia em uma m??e.