| Summary: | Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-12T12:45:16Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
MarineideAlvesdeSousaDissertacaoParcial2012.pdf: 837808 bytes, checksum: 72a094190e6e87453c356080b12f2161 (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-12T12:45:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
MarineideAlvesdeSousaDissertacaoParcial2012.pdf: 837808 bytes, checksum: 72a094190e6e87453c356080b12f2161 (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T12:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
MarineideAlvesdeSousaDissertacaoParcial2012.pdf: 837808 bytes, checksum: 72a094190e6e87453c356080b12f2161 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 === Construction industry has been gaining prominence in Brazil, mainly due to the
economic growth of this country. The growth of the construction industry sector
contributes to the increase of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) in landfill
sites and clandestine dumps in large cities, as well as to the rise of workplace
accidents in construction sites. The main reason for this scenario is the negligence of
the building companies and the lack of inspection by the government. The Integration
of the Plans for Solid Waste Management and Safety at Work for Civil Construction
aims to meet Resolutions 307 and 448 of the National Environment Council
(CONAMA), as well as the Regulatory Standards promulgated by the Ministry of
Labor and Employment (MTE). These regulations rule and control such situations
and establish the pathway for the building companies and the construction workers to
deal with policies and practices for the adequate management of CDW and for safety
and health at the construction workplace. The methodological approach adopted in
this study is guided by the collection of secondary data, that is, knowledge gained
from bibliographical review, which includes national and international sources (books,
scientific papers and articles, technical reports, online information and specialized
magazines), as well as the Brazilian legislation related to the Management of Waste
and Health and Workplace Safety at the Construction Site. The main Brazilian pieces
of legislation, technical regulations and certifications analyzed were: Law 12.305,
published in August, 2nd 2010, which institutes the National Solid Waste Policy;
CONAMA Resolution 307, published in July, 5th 2002, which defines guidelines,
criteria and procedures for the management of civil construction waste; Brazilian
Norms (NBR) related to the issue of Construction Waste Management; Regulatory
Standards issued by the Ministry of Labor and Employment, approved by the
Ministerial Directive 3.214, from June 8th, 1978; and the LEED Certificate for new
buildings and reforms. In order to study the integration of workplace safety
management, the recommendations of the Ministry of Labor and Employment
Regulatory Standard 18 were followed. In the study design, two scenarios were
considered: 1) designing an Integrated Management Plan in the planning phase of
the project, before the beginning of the construction works; 2) designing an
Integrated Management Plan for ongoing construction works. For ongoing
construction works, a checklist was prepared which was used for the situational
diagnosis. Also, verification lists of the Health and Safety at the Workplace Programs
(PCMAT, PPRA, and PCMSO) were presented. The study focused on structuring the
designing procedures of the Integrated Management Plan; however, it did not
contemplate the phases of implementation, monitoring, assessment of results and
correction of inconsistencies. The results of this study lead to the conclusion that it is
possible to design an Integrated Plan for Solid Waste Management and Workplace
Safety in Civil Construction, assuring conformity with the legal requisites. The
situational diagnosis for ongoing construction works facilitates and accelerates the
planning process of the proposed Integrated Plan. Planning in the project phase will
make it easier to reduce issues such as additional costs, delays, and contractual or
inspection penalties. In the execution phase, capacity-building is essential, because it
is in this phase that the waste is actually managed. Awareness and participation of
the workers are indispensable for the success of the processes planned. The
Integrated Plan meets the Brazilian norms and legislation related to the Management
of Construction and Demolition Waste, as well as the basic requirements of National
and International Certification Programs. Searching and fostering more efficient
processes and technologies for CDW and Health and Safety at the Workplace must
be constant. === A ind??stria da constru????o civil vem ganhando destaque no Brasil principalmente
devido ao crescimento econ??mico do pa??s. O aquecimento deste setor contribui para
o aumento de Res??duos da Constru????o e Demoli????o (RDC) nos aterros e em ??reas
de bota-fora clandestinos espalhados pelas grandes cidades do pa??s, como tamb??m
para o aumento de acidentes de trabalho nos canteiros de obras. A principal causa
deste cen??rio ?? o descaso por parte das construtoras e a falta de fiscaliza????o pelo
governo. A Integra????o dos Planos de Gerenciamento de Res??duos S??lidos e
Seguran??a do Trabalho para a Constru????o Civil visa atender as Resolu????es n?? 307 e
n?? 448 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), assim como as Normas
Regulamentadoras do Minist??rio do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE), que regulamentam
e controlam tais situa????es e estabelecem os caminhos para as construtoras e
profissionais da Constru????o de Obras Civis, no que se refere ??s pol??ticas e as
pr??ticas de gerenciamento adequado dos Res??duos da Constru????o e Demoli????o
(RCD) e da Seguran??a e Sa??de do Trabalho aplicada ?? constru????o civil. O
procedimento metodol??gico adotado neste estudo ?? conduzido pela extra????o de
dados secund??rios, isto ??, conhecimentos obtidos por meio de levantamentos
bibliogr??ficos com estudo e an??lise de obras nacionais e internacionais (livros, textos
e artigos cient??ficos, relat??rios t??cnicos, informa????es via WEB e revistas
especializadas), assim como a consulta da legisla????o brasileira relacionada ao tema
???Gerenciamento de Res??duos e da Sa??de e Seguran??a do Trabalho na Constru????o
Civil???. Tomou-se como refer??ncia principal a legisla????o brasileira, normas t??cnicas e
certifica????es a respeito do tema em estudo, conforme listado: Lei n. 12.305,
publicada em 02/08/2010, que institui a Pol??tica Nacional de Res??duos S??lidos;
Resolu????o n?? 307 do CONAMA de 05/07/2002, que estabelece diretrizes, crit??rios e
procedimentos para a gest??o dos res??duos da constru????o civil; Normas Brasileiras
(NBR) relacionadas ao tema Gest??o de Res??duos de Constru????o; Normas
Regulamentadoras do Minist??rio do Trabalho e Emprego, aprovadas pela Portaria n.
3.214 de 08/06/78; Certifica????o LEED para novas edifica????es e reformas. Para
integra????o do gerenciamento da seguran??a do trabalho foram seguidas as
recomenda????es da Norma Regulamentadora (NR) 18 do Minist??rio do Trabalho e
Emprego. Na elabora????o do estudo proposto foram considerados dois cen??rios: 1)
Elabora????o de Plano Integrado de Gerenciamento na fase de planejamento do
projeto (antes do in??cio da obra); 2) Elabora????o de Plano Integrado de
Gerenciamento para obras em fase de execu????o (obras em andamento). Para obras
em fase de execu????o foi elaborado um checklist para realiza????o do diagn??stico
situacional. Em complemento foram apresentadas listas de verifica????o dos
Programas de SST exigidos (PCMAT, PPRA, e PCMSO). O estudo proposto
restringiu-se ?? estrutura????o dos procedimentos de elabora????o do Plano Integrado de
Gerenciamento sem, contudo, contemplar as etapas de implementa????o,
monitoramento, avalia????o dos resultados e adequa????o das n??o conformidades. Os
resultados obtidos com a realiza????o deste trabalho permitiram concluir que ??
poss??vel a elabora????o de um Plano Integrado de Gerenciamento de Res??duos
S??lidos e Seguran??a do Trabalho para a Constru????o Civil, assegurando a
conformidade com os requisitos legais. O diagn??stico situacional para obras em
andamento viabiliza e agiliza o processo de planejamento do Plano Integrado
proposto. O planejamento na fase de projeto da obra poder?? reduzir custos
adicionais, atrasos, penalidades contratuais ou de fiscaliza????o, entre outros. Na fase
de execu????o a capacita????o dos envolvidos ?? de fundamental import??ncia, pois ??
nesta fase que os res??duos passam por todos os processos do gerenciamento de
fato. A conscientiza????o e participa????o por parte da m??o-de-obra s??o imprescind??veis
para o sucesso dos processos planejados. O Plano integrado atende as normas e
legisla????o brasileira referente ao GRCD, assim como aos requisitos b??sicos para os
Programas de Certifica????es nacional e internacional. A busca e o incentivo por
processos e tecnologias mais eficazes para o gerenciamento dos RCD e SST devem
ser constantes.
|
|---|
