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Previous issue date: 2014 === Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a preval?ncia da automedica??o em crian?as e adolescentes em 20 munic?pios situados no Vale do Jequitinhonha, em rela??o ? indicadores sociodemogr?ficos, da utiliza??o de servi?os de sa?de, identificando as principais formas de descarte de sobras e de medicamentos vencidos e a utiliza??o de plantas medicinais pelas fam?lias das crian?as. Realizou-se estudo descritivo, tipo inqu?rito populacional domiciliar de 10 de abril a 20 de julho de 2013 de uma amostra aleat?ria estratificada proporcional por munic?pio, constitu?da de 672 moradores procedentes de 137 setores censit?rios selecionados por meio de amostragem aleat?ria simples. Os crit?rios de inclus?o foram idade menor ou igual a 14 anos, entrevista obrigat?ria com os respons?veis legais e ter consumido pelo menos um medicamento no ?ltimos 15 dias anteriores a data da entrevista, incluindo a guarda de medicamentos no domic?lio, a vistoria da farm?cia domiciliar e ter h?bito de consumo de plantas medicinais. Foram realizadas an?lise descritiva da vari?vel dependente e das vari?veis explorat?rias e aplicados testes de associa??o. A preval?ncia de consumo de medicamentos foi de 56,57%. As situa??es de sa?de que motivaram o consumo de medicamentos foram tosse, resfriado comum, gripe, congest?o nasal ou broncospasmo (49,7%); febre (5,4%); cefal?ia (5,4%); diarr?ia, ?m? digest?o? e c?lica abdominal (6,7%). Na automedica??o, 30,57% dos medicamentos foram indicados pela m?e, e 69,42% foram por prescri??es m?dicas. Observou-se, uma maior frequ?ncia do uso de analg?sicos/antipir?ticos, seguido dos utilizados para afec??es do aparelho respirat?rio, antibi?ticos sist?micos, antagonistas H1 da histamina e por fim vitaminas/antian?micos. Em rela??o ? farm?cia domiciliar foram encontrados 1237 medicamento, uma preval?ncia de 56,57%. Os principais c?modos de estoque foram ? cozinha (49%) e, em seguida, os dormit?rios (39,09%) e as salas (10,27%); 27% estavam em caixas de papel?o e 27,92% do total em locais de acesso muito f?cil ?s crian?as < 6 anos. O grau de instru??o ? 4 anos do ensino fundamental (raz?o de chances = 1,51) denotaram maior risco de utiliza??o. Os analg?sicos/antipir?ticos, antagonista H1 da histamina, seguidos antibi?ticos sist?micos e dos utilizados para afec??es do aparelho respirat?rio foram os mais encontrados, sendo estoque mais elevado no grupo que recebeu automedica??o. Em rela??o ao acesso ao servi?o de sa?de 98,2% e 94% estavam a menos de 5 Km da Unidade B?sica de Sa?de e da Farm?cia B?sica respectivamente. Sobre o destino das sobras de medicamentos ap?s o t?rmino do tratamento, 26,3% afirmaram descartar no ambiente; 46,7% armazenaram em casa para uma posterior utiliza??o. Sobre os medicamentos vencidos, 88,5% afirmaram descartar no ambiente e 88,8% disseram nunca ter recebido
informa??es quanto ? forma correta de descarte. Em rela??o ? utiliza??o de plantas medicinais 73,51% relataram utilizar, destes 90,9% consumiam frescas, 48% preparavam na forma de decoc??o e 77% referiram que o aprendizado de como preparar e utilizar as plantas medicinais foi oriunda de ensinamentos dos pais. Pode-se observar consumo elevado de medicamentos na popula??o infantil, sendo comum o h?bito de estocar medicamentos e utilizar plantas medicinais. === Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. === ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication in children and adolescents in 20 municipalities in the Vale Jequitinhonha in relation to sociodemographic indicators, use of health services, identifying key ways to dispose of leftover and expired medications and use medicinal plants by families of children. We conducted a descriptive study, population-based survey of 10 April to 20 July 2013 of a stratified proportional random sample by municipality, consists of 672 inhabitants from 137 census tracts selected by simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria were less than or equal to 14 years old , mandatory interview with the legal and responsible consumption of at least one drug in the 15 days preceding the date of the interview , including the keeping of medicines in the household , the household survey of pharmacy and have habit of consumption of medicinal plants . Descriptive analysis of the dependent variable and the exploratory and association tests were conducted variables. The prevalence of drug consumption was 56.57 %. The health situation that motivated the use of medicines were cough , common cold , flu , nasal congestion or bronchospasm ( 49.7 % ) , fever ( 5.4% ), headache ( 5.4% ), diarrhea, " maldigestion " and abdominal pain ( 6.7% ) . In self-medication, 30.57 % of the drugs were given by the mother, and 69.42 % were for medical prescriptions. We observed a higher frequency of use of analgesics / antipyretics, followed those used for diseases of the respiratory tract, systemic antibiotics, histamine H1 antagonists and finally vitamins / antianemics. In relation to home pharmacy medicine in 1237 found a prevalence of 56.57 %. The main room of the kitchen were stock (49 %) and then the dorms (39.09 %) and rooms (10.27 %), 27% were in cardboard boxes and 27.92 % of the total in local access very easy for children <6 years. The Education ? 4 years of elementary school (odds ratio = 1.51) indicated greater risk of use. Analgesics / antipyretics, histamine H1 antagonist, systemic antibiotics followed and used for diseases of the respiratory system were the most frequent, with stock higher in the group that received self-medication. In relation to access to health services 98.2 % and 94 % were less than 5 km from the Basic Health Unit and the Basic Pharmaceutics respectively. About the fate of leftover medicine after the end of treatment, 26.3 % reported discarding the environment, 46.7 % stored at home for later use. About expired medications, 88.5 % reported discarding the environment and 88.8 % said they never received information about the correct way of disposal. Regarding the use of medicinal plants reported using 73.51 % , 90.9 % of these consumed fresh , 48 % prepared in the form of decoction and 77 % reported that learning how to prepare and use medicinal plants were from the teachings of parents . Can observe high consumption of medicines in children, and the common habit of storing and using herbal medicines.
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