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Previous issue date: 2012 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) === Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) === O experimento foi conduzido entre 18 de outubro de 2011 e 3 de maio de 2012, no campo experimental da Embrapa Gado de Leite, objetivando-se avaliar dois crit?rios de manejo para o pastejo intermitente em capim-marandu; sendo um com per?odo de descanso fixo e outro com per?odo de descanso vari?vel, conforme a intercepta??o de 95% da radia??o fotossinteticamente ativa (IRFA 95) e suas influ?ncias sobre a massa de forragem, a composi??o morfol?gica, as caracter?sticas estruturais e a produ??o de leite por animal e por ?rea. Em ambos os tratamentos, o per?odo de ocupa??o foi de tr?s dias, almejando-se um res?duo p?s-pastejo de 25 cm de altura. O ajuste da lota??o em fun??o dos alvos de manejo (altura de res?duo) foi feito por meio da t?cnica de ?put and take?. Para avalia??o das caracter?sticas do pasto, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com duas repeti??es de ?rea e tr?s repeti??es dentro de bloco e, para a avalia??o da produ??o de leite, as unidades experimentais utilizadas foram dezesseis vacas Holand?s x Zebu rec?m-paridas, sendo oito por tratamento, as quais foram blocadas em fun??o da produ??o de leite, dias em lacta??o, n?mero de lacta??es, peso vivo e grupo gen?tico. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia com o PROC MIXED do SAS? e as m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste LSMEANS, ao n?vel de 5% de probabilidade. Menor intervalo entre pastejo (22,8 dias vs. 30 dias), menor altura pr?-pastejo (35,9 cm vs. 42,3 cm) e menor massa de forragem (5.506 kg/ha.ciclo vs. 7.288 kg/ha.ciclo) foram observados para o crit?rio de per?odo de descanso (PD) IRFA 95, em rela??o ao crit?rio de PD fixo. O pasto com PD vari?vel apresentou maior percentual de l?mina foliar (48,31% vs. 41,06%) e menor percentual de material morto (19,00% vs. 25,43%) na massa seca do pr?-pastejo do que o pasto com PD fixo, garantindo com esse crit?rio, maior rela??o l?mina/colmo no pr?-pastejo. Para produ??o de leite, n?o foi observado efeito de crit?rio de per?odo de descanso (14,4 kg/UA vs. 14,0 kg/UA), sendo observado apenas efeito de ciclo de pastejo sobre a produ??o de leite por animal. No entanto, para produ??o de leite por ?rea foram observados os efeitos (P<0,05) da intera??o crit?rio de per?odo de descanso e ciclo de pastejo. Para taxa de lota??o, observou-se efeito (P<0,05) da intera??o crit?rio de per?odo de descanso x ciclo de pastejo. A maior taxa de lota??o foi encontrada no crit?rio de PD IRFA 95. Na m?dia, o crit?rio de PD IRFA 95 foi superior ao crit?rio de PD fixo para a produ??o de leite por ?rea (93,5 3kg/ha.dia vs. 71,3kg/ha.dia). Pastos de capim-marandu manejados com PD baseado na IRFA 95 apresentaram menor altura pr?-pastejo e melhor rela??o l?mina/colmo do que pastos manejados com PD fixo de trinta dias. Al?m disso, ? poss?vel, com a ado??o do crit?rio de PD baseado na IRFA 95, obter maiores taxa de lota??o animal e produ??o de leite por ?rea. Assim, recomendam-se alturas de pr? e p?s-pastejo de 35 cm e 25 cm, respectivamente, para o capim-marandu. === Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. === ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted from October, 18th, 2011 to May, 3rd, 2012, at the experimental field of Embrapa Gado de Leite, aiming to evaluate two management criteria for intermittent grazing of Marandu grass; one with a fixed period of rest (RP) and another with rest periods varying according to the interception of 95% of photosynthetically active radiation, and their influence on forage production, morphological composition, structural features and the milk yield per cow and per hectare. In both treatments, the occupancy period lasted three days, aiming a 25 cm residue after grazing. The adjustment of stocking in terms of management targets (residue`s heigh) was made using the technique of "put and take". To evaluate the characteristics of the pasture the experimental design was randomized blocks with two plots and three replicates within a block, and the assessment of milk production and experimental units used were 16 Holstein x Zebu cows who had recently delivered , eight per treatment, which were allocated according to milk production, days in lactation, number of lactations, body weight and genetic group. The data were subjected to analysis of variance with PROC MIXED of SAS ? and means were compared by LSMEANS test at the 5% level of probability. Shorter interval between grazing (22.8 vs. 30 days), lower pre-grazing height (35.9 vs. 42.3 cm) and lower yield of total herbage mass (5,506 vs. 7,288 kg / ha./ cycle) were observed for IRFA 95 rest period criteria (RP) relative to fixed RP criteria. The pasture with variable RP had a higher percentage of leaf blade (48.31 vs. 41.06) and lowest percentage of dead material (19.00 vs. 25.43) in the dry mass of the pre-grazing pasture than with the fixed RP, ensuring with that criteria the better relation leaf blade: stem during pre-grazing. For milk production there has not been observed effect of the rest period criteria (14.4 vs. 14.0), being only observed effect of grazing cycle on production of milk per animal. However, for milk production per area there have been observed the effects (P <0.05) of interaction of criterion period of rest and grazing cycle. For stocking rate, there was observed (P <0.05) interaction between the period of rest x grazing cycle criterion. The higher stocking rate was found in the criteria for IRFA 95 RP. On average the IRFA 95 RP mean was higher than the fixed RP criteria set for the milk yield per area (93.5 vs. 71.3). Marandu grass pastures managed with RP based on the IRFA 95 have a lower pre-grazing height and a better relation blade: stem than pastures grazed at 30 days fixed RP. Moreover, it is possible with the adoption of criteria based on the IRFA 95 RP increase stocking rate and milk production per area. Thus, heights of 35 and 25 cm are recommended for pre-and post-grazing of Marandu grass, respectively.
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