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Previous issue date: 2010 === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) === Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) === O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de conhecer os efeitos promovidos pelo manejo da aduba??o verde na forma de pr?-cultivo com a crotal?ria, aliado a doses de esterco bovino, no desempenho da cultura do milho. O experimento foi desenvolvido na ?rea da Escola Fam?lia Agr?cola de Virgem da Lapa, no munic?pio de Virgem da Lapa-MG, no per?odo de dezembro de 2008 a junho de 2009. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de ?blocos ao acaso?, apresentando quatro repeti??es, com os tratamentos correspondendo a pr?-cultivo com crotal?ria e seis doses de esterco bovino e uma testemunha (pousio). A crotal?ria foi usada na forma de pr?-cultivo. Antes da implanta??o do experimento, com a semeadura da crotal?ria, foi feita uma capina manual e efetuada a calagem. Ap?s 99 dias, com a ro?agem da crotal?ria e da vegeta??o espont?nea (pousio), o milho foi implantado. As doses de esterco bovino foram parceladas em 50% no plantio e 50% em cobertura. Quantificou-se a mat?ria fresca e seca (t ha-1) do adubo verde, al?m da composi??o em macronutrientes. Foi estimada a contribui??o da fitomassa de crotal?ria na reten??o da umidade no solo, na temperatura do solo, na capacidade de abafamento da vegeta??o espont?nea, e determinada a composi??o em macronutrientes. A cultura do milho foi colhida em est?gio verde, procedendo-se as avalia??es: n?mero de folhas, altura das plantas e da inser??o da espiga (m), comprimento e di?metro da espiga (cm), acumula??o de mat?ria fresca e seca (t ha-1) nas plantas de milho, gr?os, palha e sabugo do milho, e produtividade (n?mero de espigas ha-1). Foram determinados os teores de macronutrientes e a quantidade acumulada (kg ha-1) na parte a?rea das plantas do milho. A crotal?ria apresentou grande potencial para uso na aduba??o verde, com grande ac?mulo de fitomassa seca e nutrientes. As ?reas cobertas com res?duos de crotal?ria apresentaram maior reten??o de ?gua no solo e redu??o na temperatura ao longo do seu perfil. A presen?a da fitomassa de crotal?ria promoveu redu??o no crescimento de plantas espont?neas, com 76,13% menos massa seca acumulada, durante o ciclo do milho, al?m de mudan?a na composi??o flor?stica das ?reas, com a redu??o do n?mero de esp?cies presentes, em seis esp?cies a menos que no cultivo em solo com pousio. A crotal?ria, independente da dose de esterco aplicada, influenciou o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo do milho, promovendo as maiores alturas de plantas e de inser??o da espiga, maior n?mero de folhas, valores de mat?ria verde e seca para as plantas inteiras, gr?os, palhas da espiga e sabugo. O mesmo foi observado para os par?metros produtivos de di?metro, comprimento e produtividade de espigas de milho em est?dio verde. As plantas de milho crescidas nas ?reas pr?-cultivadas com crotal?ria apresentaram valores superiores quanto aos teores de N e P. De forma geral, a fitomassa da crotal?ria pr?-cultivada ao milho supriu as exig?ncias da cultura, demonstrando o potencial de substitui??o ao uso do esterco bovino, como fertilizante alternativo. === Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. === ABSTRACT This work aimed to identify the effects promoted by the management of green manure in pre-cultivation with C. juncea, using doses of manure, on the performance of corn cultivation. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Family School of Virgem da Lapa, in the town of Virgem da Lapa-MG from December, 2008 to June, 2009. A randomized trial of "randomized block", with four replications, with treatments corresponding to pre-cultivation with crotalaria and six doses of manure and a control (resting). The crotalaria was submitted pre-cultivation. Before the implementation of the experiment, with the cultivation of crotalaria, one manual weeding and liming was done. After 99 days, with the rustle of crotalaria and spontaneous vegetation, corn was implanted. The cattle manure were applied with 50% at planting and 50% at coverage. The green manure was quantified in the fresh and dry matter (t ha-1), as well as composition in macronutrients. It was estimated the contribution of crotalaria biomass in moisture retention of soil, soil temperature, the smoother ability of weeds, and determined the composition of macronutrients. The corn crop was harvested in green stage carrying the evaluations: number of leaves, plant height and ear height (m) length and ear diameter (cm), fresh and dry matter accumulation (t ha-1) in corn, beans, starw and cob, and productivity (number of ears ha-1). The contents of macronutrients and accumulation (kg ha-1) in the shoots of maize. The crotalaria showed great potential for green manure, with accumulation of dry weight and nutrients. Areas covered with crotalaria waste showed higher water retention of soil and reduction in temperature along its profile. The presence of the dry mass of crotalaria decreased the growth of weeds with 76.13% less dry mass accumulated during the entire crop cycle, there were changes in floristic composition of the areas and also a reduction in the number of species, with six species less than in the culture of land fallow. The crotalaria, irrespective of the manure dose applied, influenced plant growth and production of corn, promoting the highest plant height and ear height, increased number of leaves, values of fresh and dry mass for whole plants, grain, straw and cob. The same was observed for the production parameters of diameter, length and yield of corn cobs in the green stage. Corn plants grown in areas pre-cultured with crotalaria showed higher values for the levels of N and P. In general, the biomass of crotalaria pre-grown with corn has met the requirements of culture, demonstrating the potential to replace the use of manure as an alternative fertilizer.
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