Mapeamento das restri??es operacionais e ambientais numa ?rea de Floresta Amaz?nica por meio do escaneamento laser aerotransportado

• Main Author: Reis, Cristiano Rodrigues
• Other Authors: Gorgens, Eric Bastos
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: UFVJM 2018
• Subjects: Florestas tropicais; Manejo florestal sustent?vel; Explora??o de impacto reduzido; Manejo florestal de precis?o; LIDAR; Tropical forests; Sustainable forest management; Reduced impact logging; Precision forest management
• Online Access: http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1789

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique ([e-mail]) on 2018-08-20T13:19:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cristiano_rodrigues_reis.pdf: 10913876 bytes, checksum: cc00db992e7afd3cffdad2079937fbce (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz ([e-mail]) on 2018-10-05T19:41:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cristiano_rodrigues_reis.pdf: 10913876 bytes, checksum: cc00db992e7afd3cffdad2079937fbce (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T19:41:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cristiano_rodrigues_reis.pdf: 10913876 bytes, checksum: cc00db992e7afd3cffdad2079937fbce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 === Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) === Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) === Como defendido na explora??o de impacto reduzido, o planejamento ? fundamental para o manejo sustent?vel de florestas tropicais. Novas tecnologias, como o LiDAR, t?m permitido a constru??o de mapas e obten??o de estimativas que auxiliam tanto no planejamento quanto nas etapas de explora??o e monitoramento do impacto. Com o intuito de reunir os diversos produtos do escaneamento laser aerotransportado (ALS) dispersos na literatura e ?teis no manejo florestal, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma sequ?ncia metodol?gica para determinar e monitorar as restri??es ambientais e operacionais em uma ?rea sob manejo na Amaz?nia. A ?rea de estudo encontra-se na fazenda Cauaxi, munic?pio de Paragominas, estado do Par?. Foram sobrevoados 1214 hectares de Floresta Amaz?nica submetidas a manejo de impacto reduzido. Foram gerados os modelos digitais de terreno (MDT), hidrol?gicos e topogr?ficos. A vegeta??o foi mapeada por meio dos modelos de densidade relativa (MDR), de biomassa, de localiza??o de ?rvores dominantes e codominantes, de clareiras e gerado o mapa da infraestrutura existente. Por fim, a estrutura vertical da floresta foi analisada pela descri??o do perfil vertical do dossel. A resolu??o do MDT foi de 1 metro e foi poss?vel observar a varia??o da eleva??o local e os divisores de ?gua. A densidade de drenagem foi de 1,7 km/km? e as ?reas de preserva??o permanente (APP) de cursos d??gua e nascentes somaram 137,7 ha. Mapas pouco utilizados como os de microbacias e dist?ncias vertical e horizontal poderiam ser considerados na divis?o da ?rea em unidades de produ??o anual e na delimita??o de APP, respectivamente. A declividade variou de 0 a 30?, n?o apresentando APP por declividade, caracter?stica de um relevo predominantemente suave ondulado. As ?reas com restri??o ao trator skidder n?o ultrapassaram 1 km? e, as restritas aos caminh?es carregados somaram 1,9 km?. A densidade de estradas na ?rea foi de 23,42 m.ha-1 e o n?mero de p?tios por hectare foi de 0,04. A ?rea total impactada pela abertura de estradas, trilhas e p?tios foi de 30,77 hectares, correspondendo ? 2,54% da ?rea total. Foi poss?vel observar menores valores de biomassa nas unidades de produ??o anual j? exploradas. O mesmo ocorreu entre os valores de porcentagem de clareiras. O valor de biomassa m?dio, considerando pixels de 50 m?, foi de 35,5 kg. Os menores valores dos par?metros de forma e escala da fun??o Weibull para o sub-bosque mostraram rela??o com as ?reas impactadas pela abertura de infraestrutura, sendo uma alternativa ao MDR no monitoramento do impacto. J? o par?metro de escala para o estrato da copa teve rela??o com o modelo de m?ximo dossel, indicando a localiza??o das ?rvores emergentes. Foi poss?vel mapear de maneira precisa as ?reas com restri??es ambientais e operacionais a partir do ALS, bem como, obter outros produtos interessantes para o manejo florestal. Este trabalho apresentou um roteiro metodol?gico para a inser??o do ALS no planejamento de todas as etapas do manejo florestal. === Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. === The reduced impact logging refers to the forest planning as a critical step to the sustainable tropical forest management. New technologies, such as LiDAR, have made possible to obtain maps and estimates which help on the planning, exploitation and impact monitoring phases. In order to gather the useful products of airborne laser scanning (ALS) in forest management, the objective of this work was to present a methodological sequence to determine and monitor the environmental and operational constraints in an area under management in the Amazon. The overflown area is located at the Cauaxi farm, municipality of Paragominas, state of Par?, Brazil. The ALS covered 1214 hectares of amazon forest submitted to reduced impact logging. Then, models such as digital terrain model (DTM), hydrological and topographic were extracted. Furthermore, the vegetation was mapped through models of relative density (MDR), biomass, localization of dominant and codominant trees, and clearing and map of the existing infrastructure. Finally, the forest vertical structure was analyzed by the description of the canopy height profile. The 1meter resolution DTM allowed to observe the variation of elevation and water dividers. The drainage density was 1.7 km/km? and the permanent preservation areas (PPA) related to water courses and springs comprised 137.7 ha. Underused maps such as micro-basins and vertical and horizontal distances could be considered in the division of the area into annual production units and in the PPA delimitation, respectively. The slope ranged from 0 to 30 ? and did not present PPA by slope, characteristic of a predominantly soft wavy relief. The areas restricted to the skidder tractor does not exceed 1 km?, and those restricted to loaded trucks generated a total of 1.9 km?. The density of roads inside the area was 23.42 m.ha-1 and the number of the storage yards per hectare was 0.04. The area impacted by the opening of roads, trails and yards was 30.77 hectares, corresponding to 2.54% of the total area. It was possible to observe lower values of biomass in the annual production units already exploited. The same occurred with the percentage values of clearings. The average biomass value considering pixels of 50 m? was 35.5 kg. The lower values of shape and scale parameters of the Weibull function for the understory were related to the areas impacted by the infrastructure opening. The maps obtained with the Weibull parameters for understory can be an alternative to the RDM on the impact monitoring. The canopy scale parameter was related to the tall canopy model, indicating the location of the emergent ones. It was possible to accurately map the areas with environmental and operational restrictions from the ALS, as well as obtaining other interesting products for forest management. This work presents a methodological guide for the insertion of ALS in the planning of all stages of forest management.