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Previous issue date: 2018 === Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) === O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da dieta de cafeteria desde a lacta??o nos
par?metros nutricionais e na a??o da risperidona nos comportamentos de ansiedade,
locomo??o, mem?ria e intera??o social. Foram utilizadas 14 ninhadas de ratos da linhagem
Wistar (Rattus novergicus) alojados em gaiolas individuais, sob condi??es padr?o. Os ratos
machos de cada ninhada formaram, da lacta??o at? a fase adulta, os grupos: Controle (CTRL)
? receberam ra??o padr?o e ?gua ad libitum (n = 42); Cafeteria (CAF) ? receberam dieta de
cafeteria e ?gua ad libitum (n = 42). Entre o 114? e o 119? dia de vida, os animais foram
subdividos (n = 21) para receberem o tratamento com salina (CTRL-S e CAF-S) ou
risperidona (CTRL-R e CAF-R). Nesse per?odo foram realizados os testes comportamentais
do labirinto em cruz elevado, campo aberto, teste de reconhecimento de objetos e intera??o
social. No 119? os animais foram colocados em jejum, para que, no 120? dia fossem
anestesiados e eutanasiados por exsanguina??o. Foram avaliados: consumo de ra??o, ingest?o
cal?rica, peso corporal, ganho de peso, coeficiente de efici?ncia alimentar (CEA),
comprimento naso-anal e ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC); peso dos ?rg?os e do tecido
adiposo abdominal; teores de colesterol total e fra??es, triacilglicerol e glicemia do soro; teor
de lip?dios, colesterol total e triacilglicerol do f?gado e das fezes; estado redox do f?gado e de
diferentes por??es do enc?falo (c?rtex pr?-frontal e hipocampo). Foi utilizada an?lide de
vari?ncia (ANOVA) seguida de Newman Keuls quando necess?rio (P<0,05). O grupo CAF
demonstrou menor ingest?o alimentar e maior ingest?o cal?rica, devido ? densidade
energ?tica da dieta. O maior consumo cal?rico se configurou em maior ganho de peso, CEA,
IMC e ac?mulo de tecido adiposo abdominal. O grupo CAF tamb?m obteve eleva??o dos
n?veis de triacilglicerol plasm?ticoa, al?m de lip?dios e triacilglicerol hep?tico, que foram
classificados em esteatose hep?tica. Ao mesmo tempo, houve uma rela??o ruim entre as
fra??es do colesterol plasm?tico (HDL-c, LDL-c e VLDL-c), com aumento do risco de
doen?as aterog?nicas. Portanto, a dieta de cafeteria foi capaz de reproduzir um modelo de
obesidade humana e de s?ndrome metab?lica. Os animais do grupo de cafeteria apresentaram
caracter?sticas de estresse oxidativo no hipocampo, o que pode comprometer a fun??o dessa
estrutura e promover altera??es comportamentais. O grupo CAF - S obteve efeito ansiol?tico
devido ao maior n?mero de entradas e tempo gasto no centro do campo aberto, al?m de maior
locomo??o atrav?s do maior n?mero de quadrantes percorridos. CAF - S ainda demonstrou
preju?zos na mem?ria avaliados atrav?s do teste de reconhecimento de objetos e diminui??o
da intera??o social. Tais efeitos podem estar associados a altera??es no sistema
serotonin?rgico desses animais. CAF - R demonstrou efeito ansiog?nico e diminui??o na
locomo??o no campo aberto. No teste de reconhecimento de objetos, houve diminui??o na
intera??o com os objetos, sem, no entanto, melhorar o ?ndice de discrimina??o em rela??o a
CAF - S. No teste de intera??o social, CAF - R obteve maior sociabilidade. Os resultados da
administra??o da risperidona indicam que esta droga possui um efeito diferente quando
aplicada em animais que foram tratados com dieta de cafeteria desde a lacta??o. === Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. === The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the cafeteria diet from lactation on
the nutritional parameters and the action of risperidone on the behaviors of anxiety,
locomotion, memory and social interaction. Fourteen litters of Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)
housed in individual cages were used under standard conditions. The male rats from each
litter formed from the lactation to the adult phase, the groups: Control (CTRL) - received
standard chow and water ad libitum (n = 42); Cafeteria (CAF) - received cafeteria diet and
water ad libitum (n = 42). Between days 114 and 119, animals were subdivided (n = 21) to
receive treatment with saline (CTRL-S, CAF-S) or risperidone (CTRL-R and CAF-R). During
this period, the behavioral tests of the plus maze size, open field, test of object recognition and
social interaction were performed. At 119? the animals were fasted, so that on the 120? day
they were anesthetized and euthanized by exsanguination. The following were evaluated: feed
intake, caloric intake, body weight, weight gain, food efficiency coefficient (FEC), naso-anal
length and body mass index (BMI); weight of organs and abdominal adipose tissue; levels of
total cholesterol and fractions, triacylglycerol and serum glycemia; lipid content, total
cholesterol, and triacylglycerol of liver and faeces; redox status of the liver and different
portions of the encephalon (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Variance analysis (ANOVA)
was used followed by Newman Keuls when necessary (p<0,05). The CAF group
demonstrated lower dietary intake and higher caloric intake, due to the energy density of the
diet. The highest caloric intake was in greater weight gain, FEC, BMI and abdominal adipose
tissue accumulation. The CAF group also achieved elevations in plasma triglyceride levels,
besides lipids and hepatic triacylglycerol, which were classified as hepatic steatosis. At the
same time, there was a poor relationship between fractions of plasma cholesterol (HDL-c,
LDL-c and VLDL-c), with increased risk of atherogenic diseases. Therefore, the cafeteria diet
was able to reproduce a model of human obesity and metabolic syndrome. The animals in the
cafeteria group presented oxidative stress characteristics in the hippocampus, which may
compromise the function of this structure and promote behavioral changes. The CAF - S
group had an anxiolytic effect due to the greater number of entrances and time spent in the
center of the open field, besides greater locomotion through the greater number of quadrants
traveled. CAF - S also demonstrated memory impairments assessed through the object
recognition test and decreased social interaction. Such effects may be associated with changes
in the serotonergic system of these animals. CAF - R demonstrated an anxiogenic effect and
decreased locomotion in the open field. In the object recognition test, there was a decrease in the interaction with the objects, without, however, improving the discrimination index in relation to CAF - S. In the social interaction test, CAF - R obtained greater sociability. The results of the administration of risperidone indicate that this drug has a different effect when applied in animals that have been treated with cafeteria diet since lactation.
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