Uso de sistema agroflorestal na implanta??o de reserva legal

• Main Author: Chauvet, Xavier Dominique Marie
• Other Authors: Pereira, Israel Marinho
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: UFVJM 2018
• Subjects: Aroeira; Controle de invasoras; Regenera??o natural; Urochloa decumbens; Alien species control; Natural regeneration
• Online Access: http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1596

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) xavier_dominique_marie_chauvet.pdf: 1433827 bytes, checksum: eb44d24d014598697e5f03f8775bdf4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 === Estimativas indicam que 33% das terras agr?colas no mundo se encontram em algum est?gio de degrada??o, afetando principalmente a qualidade dos solos, a biodiversidade e a disponibilidade de ?gua. O Brasil concentra 140 milh?es de hectares de ?reas degradadas, dos quais 30 milh?es s?o pastagens com baix?ssima produtividade de alimento para os animais. A degrada??o do solo e dos ecossistemas nativos, bem como a dispers?o de esp?cies ex?ticas s?o as maiores e mais amplas amea?as ? biodiversidade. Em grande parte do pa?s o propriet?rio de um im?vel rural tem a obriga??o de registrar 20% da sua superf?cie como ?rea de Reserva Legal. Apesar da obrigatoriedade, em muitas propriedades ainda se verifica a sua inexist?ncia. Dentro do contexto da necessidade de implementa??o de Reserva Legal e da indisponibilidade de ?reas preservadas com vegeta??o nativa foi realizado um experimento em uma ?rea de pastagem degradada na qual se comparou o plantio isolado da aroeira do sert?o (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem?o) com dois arranjos de sistema agroflorestal onde al?m da aroeira utilizaram-se como culturas anuais ou semi-perenes o feij?o guandu (Cajanus cajan (L) Hunth) e a mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). O experimento foi implantado em ?rea de dom?nio do Bioma Cerrado. O delineamento estat?stico obedeceu ao modelo ?tipo leque? proposto por Nelder, (1962), onde analisou-se tr?s arranjos de plantio (aroeira a pleno sol, aroeira + feij?o guandu e aroeira + feij?o guandu + mandioca) em dez espa?amentos (555 a 3333 plantas de aroeira ha-1) completando 30 tratamentos. Ap?s 26 meses de implanta??o do experimento a sobreviv?ncia da aroeira foi de 100%, o crescimento da aroeira em altura, di?metro e cobertura de copa n?o foi influenciado pelos tratamentos e demostrou o car?ter calc?fila da esp?cie. A regenera??o arb?rea-arbustiva n?o foi favorecida pelo arranjo que continha aroeira, feij?o guandu e mandioca. A grande maioria da regenera??o arb?rea-arbustiva foi originada de brota??es de ra?zes pr?-existentes ? implanta??o do experimento. A regenera??o herb?cea foi influenciada pelo tipo de arranjo. O arranjo da aroeira a pleno sol permitiu a invas?o de Urochloa decumbens. O arranjo da aroeira, do feij?o guandu e da mandioca permitiu um excelente controle de herb?ceas invasoras, por?m limitou nesta fase inicial o desenvolvimento da regenera??o arbustiva-arb?rea. O arranjo com aroeira e feij?o guandu controlou a invas?o de Urochloa decumbens. === Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. === Estimates indicate that 33% of the world's agricultural land is in some stage of degradation, mainly affecting soil quality, biodiversity, and water availability. Brazil concentrates 140 million hectares of degraded areas, of which 30 million hectares are pastures with very low feed productivity. Degradation of native soil and ecosystems, and the dispersal of alien species are major and broader threats to biodiversity. The owner of a rural property has the obligation to register 20% of the area as a Legal Reserve area. Despite this obligation, in many ownerships the Legal reserve is non still existing. Within the context of the demand to recover degraded agricultural areas for the final implementation of Legal Reserve was carried out an experiment in an area of degraded pasture, in which an agroforestry system was compared with the isolated planting of an arboreal species. The arboreal species was Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem?o and the annual or semi-perennial crops were Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L) Hunth). The experiment was inserted in a typical Cerrado phytophysiognomy. The statistical design was based on Nelder's model (1962), where 3 plant arrangements (Aroeira, Aroeira + Pigeon pea and Aroeira + Pigeon pea + Cassava) were analyzed in 10 spacings (555 to 3333 Plants of aroeira.ha-1) completing 30 treatments. After 26 months of implantation, the survival rate of aroeira was 100%, the growth of the aroeira in height, diameter and crown cover was not influenced by treatments and expressed the calcific character of the species. The arboreal-shrub regeneration was not favored by the arrangement that contained Aroeira, Pigeon pea and Cassava. A great majority of the tree-shrub regeneration originated from rootstocks pre-existing to the implantation of the experiment. Herbaceous regeneration was influenced by the type of arrangement. The arrangement of the aroeira in full sun allowed the invasion of Urochloa decumbens. The arrangement of aroeira, pigeon pea and cassava allowed an excellent control of invasive herbaceous plants, but limited at this initial phase the development of tree-shrub regeneration. The arrangement with Aroeira and pigeon pea controlled an invasion of Urochloa decumbens.