ANALYSIS OF THE COORDINATION AND ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THE CLIMATE MITIGATION STRATEGIES OF BRAZIL AND THE CITIES OF RIO DE JANEIRO, SÃO PAULO AND BELO HORIZONTE

• Main Author: GABRIELLA MELLO LATTARI
• Other Authors: MARIA FERNANDA RODRIGUES CAMPOS LEMOS
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO 2018
• Online Access: http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35261@1; http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35261@2

Em setembro de 2016, no Acordo de Paris, o Brasil, por meio de sua iNDC, assumiu o compromisso de reduzir em 37 por cento suas emissões de GEE até 2025 e em 43 por cento até 2030, com base nos níveis de emissão de 2005. Estas metas foram estabelecidas a partir de uma visão da esfera nacional. Os governos locais tiveram pouca ou nenhuma participação nas discussões e estudos que levaram à elaboração da iNDC brasileira e, portanto, pouco puderam contribuir com a visão de menor escala, apesar da crescente influência das cidades no contexto climático global. Esta falta de articulação entre os níveis de governo dificulta a cooperação vertical entre eles. Neste cenário é possível questionar a coordenação e o alinhamento entre as estratégias climáticas de mitigação nacionais e locais. Com esta preocupação em foco, este trabalho busca avaliar as coerências e divergências entre as estratégias de mitigação de emissão de GEE do Brasil com as estratégias de três grandes capitais brasileiras: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Belo Horizontes. A avaliação da coordenação e do alinhamento entre as estratégias climáticas das três cidades e do Brasil foi realizada à luz de oito critério comuns nas estratégias climáticas padrões. A partir das análises realizadas, percebe-se que não há coordenação entre as estratégias climáticas analisadas. Dos oito critérios avaliados, apenas em um foi encontrado alinhamento entre as quatro estratégias, o que prejudica a mitigação tanto no nível local quanto nacional, dificultando o alcance das metas e compromissos assumidos por ambos os níveis de governo. === The aim of the Paris climate agreement is to guide governments actions to limit global average temperature rises by up to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with substantial commitment of the Parties to ensure that this increase does not exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius (Rogel, 2016). This agreement seeks to establish a compromise that is not so bold as to be unacceptable to the parties, but also not so trivial as to be ineffective. The nations theirselves that stipulate their goals and contributions to achieve the central objective through so-called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (iNDCs), which exposes how each Nation intends to reduce GHG emissions according to their own characteristics, needs and economic and social interests (Brazilian Ministry of the Environment website). Brazil through it s iNDC has comitted to reduce GHG emissions by 37 percent in 2025 and 43 percent in 2030 compared to 2005 levels. The goals and contributions assumed by Brazil were decided and stipulated based on a vision of the national sphere. Local governments had little or no participation in the discussions and studies that led to the elaboration of the Brazilian iNDC, and therefore did not have the opportunity to contribute to the vision of a smaller scale. However, according to IBGE, currently around 85 percent of the Brazilian population is urban, and this high concentration of inhabitants makes cities more vulnerable to climate change, as well as more cost-effective for mitigation and adaptation actions. In addition, the generation of knowledge, innovations, agile communication and dissemination of information, economic importance and proximity between governors and their population are other factors that make cities important pieces in the climate context. However, despite this growing influence of cities in the global climate context, the Brazilian federal government continues to focus in rural issues, with little consideration of urban climate issues. On the other hand, cities are advancing and leading the urban climate theme with little or no support from the federal government, which represents a big loss of opportunity for vertical cooperation between different levels of government. In this context, the coordination and alignment between national and local climate mitigation strategies is questioned, and it is discussed how different levels of government can cooperate with one another in order to address their climate challenges in a coordinated and cohesive way. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to evaluate the coherence and divergence between the climate mitigation strategies of GHG emissions of Brazil and the cities of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte and to suggest actions that facilitate the coordination of these strategies. These three cities were chosen because they are capitals with national influence and mainly because they present an advanced climate agenda.