廟宇空間及其使用之研究－以大龍峒保安宮為例

• Main Authors: 陳雅惠, Chen, Ya Hui
• Language: 中文
• Published: 國立政治大學
• Subjects: 保安宮; 空間使用; 廟宇的社會功能; Pao-an temple; Temple space; temple function
• Online Access: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&i=sid=%22G0921560071%22.

摘 要 臺灣的宗教信仰，以臺灣民間信仰最為蓬勃發展，臺灣的廟宇數量也與信徒人數成正比，臺灣素有「三步一小廟；五步一大廟」之稱。許多人的成長經驗中，對於廟宇空間並不陌生，但我們所經驗的廟宇空間，畢竟只是廟宇空間活動中冰山的一角，並不能呈現真實社會中廟宇空間的全貌。因此，若要探討廟宇空間使用的全貌，就必須從空間使用與人群行為等，才能真實呈現出廟宇信仰的各個面貌。本文選擇大龍峒保安宮作為田野觀察的對象，透過實際觀察人們在大龍峒保安宮的空間使用，初步有四點研究發現。 廟宇具有四種重要功能：文化教育、經濟、社會與宗教的功能。一是宗教功能，保安宮透過這些誦經的法會，主要可以提供信眾解罪、祈福的功能。另外，保安宮駐廟道士李繼昌道長，一年到頭提供解祭、收驚、補運、求光明等各項法事，提供信眾在運途低落、身體不適的心靈寄託。此外，神明也提供宗教上的依靠，廟裡的效勞生認為透過身體勞力的付出，換取神明對於一家大小的保佑；二是經濟功能，保安宮自創建時期，便與四十四坎形成廟街聚落，其週邊的經濟效力不容小覷。除了地方宮廟週邊的廟街、攤販、廟宇相關產業的經濟效益外，其實宮廟本身就是一個龐大的經濟體；三是社會功能，保安宮在社會與公益活動方面，可分為常態性與特殊狀況（機動性）的救濟活動。另外，筆者發現保安宮的義工制度，提供另一種的社會福利。保安宮就像最具人性尊嚴的養老院，它提供老人家排遣寂寞的空間，讓老人家在做義工的過程中，如簡單的打掃、顧金紙攤、折金紙、清理燭臺等，感受到他們被社會需要。另外，廟裡很多人可以聊天互動，也提供他們社會人際關係上的需求；四是文化、教育功能，以保安宮為例，它用極致的古蹟建築，輔以藝文班、學術講座、道教學院等方式，傳遞一個地方廟宇的風華。 保安宮的規劃與實際空間使用行為存在落差，其落差來自人對於文化的認同與了解程度的不同。此外，在空間使用上，內部人員與外部人員存在使用空間的不同；即使是內部人員也會因為職位、貢獻程度與可替換性的高低不同，造成空間分配與使用上的不一樣。 關鍵字：保安宮、空間使用、廟宇的社會功能 === Abstract Taiwan folk belief is the most vigorous development in Taiwan's religious belief. Taiwan's temple quantity also has the direct ratio with the follower population. In many people's experiences, they do'nt feels strange to the temple space, but the temple space experienced is limited, it certainly cannot present complete picture of the temple space in the real society the. Therefore, if we would like to discuss the complete picture of the temple space used, it needs to be considered from the spatial usage and the people's behavior and. Then, we can really present complete picture of the Taiwan's temple space. This article chooses a case study of Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple to take the field observation . First, with actually observing the people's spatial usage in Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple, the preliminary research discovered the temple has four important functions. These four functions are the cultural and educational, the economical, social and the religious function. Speaking of the cultural and the educational function, Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple with its historical site construction, takes the assistance with literary arts class, academic course, Taoism institute to transmits a locality temple's culture ; In the economical function aspect, Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple since it was founded, then forms 44 merchant settlements, and its peripheral economical potency does not allow to belittle, moreover, Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple itself is a huge economical body, its related economic activity also has the moving force ; The third one is the social function. In recent years, because the Taiwan temple had the massive social resources, it had been engaged in the social public welfare activity and the philanthropy. In social and the public welfare activity aspect, Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple may divide into the habit and the mobile relief activity. Moreover, the author discovered the volunteer system of Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple provides the old person to dispel boredom lonely and social activity ; The Fourth one is the religious function, Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple's taoist priest provides each taoism ritual procedures all year long, enables the unlucky follower to have the dependence. In addition, the gods also provide religious dependence, the volunteers in the temple exchange family members' safety with their labors. Secondly, this article that the actual spatial of Taipei Dalongdong Pan-an temple doesn't match for its original plan because the differences in people's considerations. In addition, in the spatial usage, internal personnel is different from exterior personnel; Even if the internal personnel can also because of the position, the contribution degree create difference. Key words： Temple space, security palace, spatial use, temple function, user