我國環境影響評估法之公民訴訟法制檢討 –由環境影響評估制度之功能出發

• Main Authors: 王凌亞, Wang, Ling Ya
• Language: 中文
• Published: 國立政治大學
• Subjects: 環境影響評估法; 環境影響評估; 公民訴訟; 預防原則; 風險管理; 風險評估; Environmental impact assessment act; Environmental impact assessment; Citizen suit; Precautionary principle; Risk management; Risk assessment
• Online Access: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&i=sid=%22G0102651044%22.

環境影響評估法公民訴訟條款的解釋與操作在我國訴訟實務中已發展十餘年，文獻上亦多有討論。但是在觀察過我國環評案件的公民訴訟判決，尤其是近幾年頗受矚目的美麗灣度假村案，就可知道縱使環保團體與周圍居民以公民訴訟取得勝訴判決，後續仍不斷產生撤銷訴訟的現象，代表開發案件之核心爭議並未被終局解決。另外，經由比較美國公民訴訟的起源與發展，就會發現我國公民訴訟制定在環評法中是一項有問題的立法。在美國制度原型中公民訴訟條款並非搭配環評制度運作，而我國將兩者結合，似乎並未釐清其中制度目的的差異。 本文欲從環評法的原理原則，也就是以風險管理與預防原則為基礎，說明環評法在環境法規中之角色與作用。並透過介紹美國、德國與中國的環評制度與相關訴訟制度，如美國的公民訴訟、德國的團體訴訟與中國的公益訴訟，進而釐清公民訴訟真正的制度目的，與探討監督環評制度的正確模式。最後再回到我國法，分析環評法與公民訴訟條款與整理訴訟實務案件，了解我國目前環評法公民訴訟條款的操作現況，並提出批評與檢討。 就結論而言，本文認為環評制度做為風險管理中之風險評估與預防原則之體現，不應以公民訴訟為司法監督管道。公民訴訟僅應用在監督風險管理決定之開發案件，規避環評與環評審查有瑕疵之案件都應遵循傳統行政訴訟，對開發許可提出撤銷訴訟，以達成紛爭一次解決並減少人民訟累。 === Citizen suit in Environmental Impact Assessment Act (hereinafter EIAA) in Taiwan has been developed and discussed over ten years. By the analysis of the relative cases, several issues in our citizen suit legislation would be discovered. Especially in the case of Beautiful Bay Resort, which was once the focus of public attention , the problem of the citizen suit in EIAA was been highlighted that the main issue wasn’t been solved, even though the environmental group won this citizen suit. Another problem is that compare to american legislation, the combination of EIAA and citizen suit clause is inappropriate because these two systems are established on different legal theories. In the thesis, the basic theories of the EIAA, that is, the risk management system and precautionary principle, would be illustrated at first. Then the american, german and chinese relative legal systems would be introduced in the second session in order to clarify the real purpose of the citizen suit and environmental impact assessment. In the third session, the citizen suit clause and the cases in EIAA in Taiwan would be explained. In conclusion, the opinion in this thesis is that the citizen suit could only be applied to the case in which the risk management decision has been made. Otherwise people should institute the revocation of administrative action to avoid the litigation diseconomy.