見樹又見林—系統思考教學與未來人才培育之個案研究

• Main Authors: 陳伊瑩, Chen, Yi Ying
• Language: 中文
• Published: 國立政治大學
• Subjects: 系統思考; 未來想像; 教師角色; 班級氣氛; 團隊合作; systems thinking; future imagination; teacher’s role; classroom climate; teamwork ability
• Online Access: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&i=sid=%22G0100152008%22.

因應未來社會，需要從教育的點滴工程著手。學校為教育的主要場域，教師的教學影響學生學習的成效與關鍵能力的養成。面對複雜而快速變遷的時代，需要培育出具有良好思考力、未來想像力以及團隊合作能力的下一代。本研究採取個案研究方法，以一所位於台北市區國小內高年級的班級做為研究對象，此班級利用綜合活動時間實施系統思考教學，當中包含任教教師與26位學生，利用教室觀察與訪談法、輔以影片分析、學生作品分析、系統思考活動評量、學生自陳式反思問卷、想像力測驗、時間觀量表等工具，探究實施系統思考教學的教師角色(包含教師個人特質、工作動機、專業知能、教學信念和教學技巧)與系統思考教學的交互影響；對於教師班級經營、師生互動與班級氣氛的營造，進一步探究綜合教學實施與經營，與學生對於系統思考的理解和養成之間的關係。再者探究教學活動與培養學生未來想像力之關聯，而課程當中融入小組討論和遊戲教學，藉此探究教學歷程與學生團隊合作能力培養的相關性。本研究以因果回饋圖呈現研究結果，主要發現有以下五點: 1.系統思考教師扮演教室的結構者、引導者，時時精進系統思考認知與教學技巧，帶領學生關注根本重要的事。 2.系統思考教學實施增進師生互動關係和班級正向氣氛，鼓勵學生討論、發表意見與想法，營造班級共同思考與學習的氛圍。 3.系統思考教學培養學生系統思考力，從小關注世界當中重要的事件，瞭解其趨勢變化與關鍵結構，嘗試根本解決問題。 4.系統思考教學實施幫助啟發學生未來想像力，鬆動思考開啟創意想像，展開未來行動具備未來時間觀。 5.系統思考教學當中活動的形態，有助於學生提升團隊合作技巧與能力進而建立共同願景。 由以上研究結果瞭解系統思考教學教師扮演重要的結構者，啟發學生展開思考、想像，進而自主學習創造未來。在未來若要讓系統思考教學更能培養學生面對未來的關鍵能力，教師在課程設計上應將系統思考和未來想像的精神相結合，並且拉長時間、擴大空間，讓學生擁有充分的自主空間，學習思考，掌握根本而重要的事。 === Nowadays schools are still playing an important role in our education. We have to improve our education to let our children adapt to their futures. The way of teaching will influence our students’ learning. In the future world, we should cultivate our children the abilities of thinking skills, future imagination, and teamwork. The current case study selected a sixth grade class in elementary school. There were two teachers and 26 students in this class. In this study, sources and analyses of the data included: classroom observations, interviews, video analyses, students’ work analyses, systems thinking assessments, imagination tests, and ZTPI. Through the data analysis process, it can be inferred that whether the teaching of systems thinking can influence the teachers and students in the class.The purpose of this research is to use the systems perspective on offering advice and ideas regarding how to use systems thinking teaching in class to improve the students’ learning.The results are listed below: 1.Teachers played a role of guiding students and leaded them to what concerns to the root of any given problem. 2.Teaching processes included enhancing good interactions between teachers and students, and building up the positive classroom climate.Through these processes, students had more chances to discuss and share with each others.At the same time, they showed much respect for others, such as listening to others patiently. 3.With the systems thinking ability, students started to care about what is happening around the world and to attend the changing trend.They try to find the important structure behind the problem and solve it with leverage solution. 4.This class inspired students’ future imagination, expanded their ways of thinking and encouraged them to take actions for the future. 5.Through this class, students gained more team work skills and built shared visions. To conclude, the teaching of systems thinking can help our children to think more deeply and systematically. This way of teaching encourages our children to broaden their minds and take actions for their futures.If teacher can combine systems thinking with future imagination in instructional design, students can have more opportunities and time to learn what is the most important value in their life.