國際非營利組織之運作-個案之比較

• Main Authors: 盧膺任, Lu, Ying-Jen Burl
• Language: 英文
• Published: 國立政治大學
• Subjects: 國際非營利組織; 組織結構; 營運管理; 方案活動; 策略聯盟; International Nonprofit Organization; Organizational Structure; Operational Management; Program Activities; Strategic Alliance/Collaboration
• Online Access: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&i=sid=%22G0094355077%22.

非營利組織在今日扮演了非常重要的角色，從提供獨特的服務到積極參與應付社會的需要，以增進社群福祉。更重要的是，非營利組織在各個區域以關鍵經濟力量之角色，滿足各地人們之需求。 當全球化的時代來臨，臺灣非營利組織仍然遭遇許多挑戰。因此，本研究的動機是希望藉由檢視國際非營利組織是如何成功地實現他們的使命以協助地方的非營利組織改進整體表現，以增進其對社會的影響以及如何充分地運用資源。因此本論文將分成以下四個主要議題進行研究： 1. 國際非營利組織的使命如何影響其運作？ 2. 國際非營利組織如何組織其活動？ 3. 國際非營利組織要與其他組織合作以達到其目標之原因？ 4. 國際非營利組織是用何種方案或行動來更成功地達成其使命？ 本研究採用質性個案研究法以及檔案紀錄蒐集法為研究方法。本研究並選擇了五個國際非營利組織進行研究，其各自在使命、組織結構、營運管理、方案行動以及策略聯盟上的選擇皆有所不同的。卻同時具備高聲望、數據可取得特性以及專注多元發展(diversity focus)等特性而有助本研究之資料探索及分析。 最後本研究的研究結果可以歸納如下： 1. 國際非營利組織在落實使命以及目標的同時總會謹慎專注於管理其操作執行流程以及如何提供產品及服務之流程。此外為求持續成長，國際非營利組織在其募款策略上增加多元性以確保組織強度。 2. 國際非營利組織有使用功能性架構之趨勢-此架構可精簡與迅速的整合組織各個專案計畫以及達成組織之目標與使命。此外，其聘任具有優越技能、專業經驗、外部關係(企業或非營利組織間)以及與社群有緊密互動的董事會成員、管理階層、委員以及志工。 3. 為了達到完成使命之目標，國際非營利組織會採取策略聯盟之作法，其主要理由有以下五種(1)成本以及風險考量(2)擷取更有實益之研究(3)獲取互補性之資源(4)取得合法性(5)取得公開曝光、聲譽以及公共關注。 4. 國際非營利組織不僅確保其各項專案計畫在操作以及發展上具有效益，同時也將各項專案計畫緊密的與組織整體使命結合。 本文不僅解釋了國際非營利組織在達成使命時為何較具效率也針對台灣非營利組織提供了若干建議以增進其執行目標或任務之效率。 === In this turbulent time, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) play significant roles since offering unique services and engaging in tackling the societal needs to benefit all human beings. Most importantly, the NPO sector served as a crucial economic force in most regions of the world fulfilling human needs. Nonetheless, as globalization approaches, the Taiwan NPOs still encounter the numerous challenges. Therefore, this research is motivated by a desire to examine how international nonprofit organizations (INPOs) function to accomplish their missions successfully as one means of assisting local NPOs to improve overall performance, increasing their impact on the society, and pinpointing how they can fully utilize their resources. Four major research questions to be addressed in this dissertation are as follows: 1.How does the mission of an INPO affect its operation? 2.How does an INPO organize its activities? 3.Why does an INPO collaborate with other organizations to achieve its objectives? 4.What programs and activities does an INPO create to fulfill its mission more successfully? The researcher focused on qualitative case study and the archival research method was adopted in this dissertation. Five INPOs, which differed in mission, organizational structure, operational management, program activities and strategic alliances and collaboration, were selected to be explored, investigated, and analyzed due to their high prestige, data availability and diversity focus. The findings of this dissertation can be summarized as follows: 1.INPOs always have made it a habit of following their missions when focusing on carefully managing the operational processes or routines to produce and distribute their products and services. In addition, in order to sustain growth, INPOs diversify their funding strategies to insure the strength of the organization. 2.INPOs have a tendency to use functional structure—lean and agile—to organize programs and achieve their goals and missions. Besides, they recruit outstanding board of directors, executives, other committees and volunteers with exceptional skills, professional experiences, connections to the firms and philanthropic organization and ties to the community. 3.With the aim of fulfilling their missions, INPOs pursue strategic collaboration and alliances for five reasons: (1) To share the costs and risk, (2) To receive more effective research, (3) To acquire complementary resources, (4) To get legitimacy, and (5) To obtain exposure, reputation and public awareness. 4.INPOs ensure that each program is not only developed and operated effectively, but also strongly associated with the organization's overall mission. To conclude, this dissertation not only explains how INPOs function so effectively in achieving their missions but also provides recommendations for Taiwan NPOs to fulfill their missions more successfully.