| Summary: | 行政契約在行政法及公共行政領域往昔均兩遭忽略，稽其緣故應與過往國內相關實體法規不明及法律救濟途徑結構欠完整所致。行政訴訟法修訂及行政程序法實施後，行政契約之實施與爭訟處理產生正式法源，然因歷程短淺，各行政機關尚屬陌生，故仍極為少見，亦無法形成是類契約形式之範例，致行政契約在公共行政實務上仍有廣闊之探討空間。教育部於行政程序法2001年施行後，即首創以「行政契約書」為名，與公費留學生間建立更為公平對等之給付行政權利義務關係，惟其間在法制面及實務面運作情形如何，殊值探討。針對行政法制與留學實務，本文以文獻探討法與參與觀察法為主要研究方法，復因探討過程中必定涉及法制與行政實務應用之關係，故以法律解釋學為涵攝，另就適用本契約書已返國服務之五位公費留學生佐以質性之問卷法，以瞭解契約相對人對於本契約書執行之意見與態度。本研究結論認為，在法制基礎方面，教育部公費留學行政契約書係本於給付行政理念，基於公權力行政性質，無論就契約形式、形式效力及內容效力，均應具備相關之法制基礎要求，以符合依法行政原則；在實務運作之主要層面，則涉及政策組織、行政管體及爭議處理，行政契約雖具公權力行政之約制性，但在實務之認定，依據有關法理原則，仍可為較開闊的運作，非不得無調整之空間。 === With regards to administrative law and public administration, administrative agreements were once neglected. A probing study shows that this was supposed to be related to ambiguities of relevant substantial laws and the lack of integrity for the structure of legal rescues. With the enactment of the administrative procedure act law and the administrative adjudication law, legal sources were brought forth for the enforcement of administrative agreements and solutions to their disputes. Nevertheless, due to brief effect and unacquaintedness, this has seldom been applied and cannot form a paradigm. Therefore, there still exits wide space for study on administrative agreements, with regards to the practicing of public administration. Following the administrative procedure law carrying into effect in 2001, the Ministry of Education initiated the “Administrative Agreement” and established in this name, a fairer reciprocal relationship with students who were studying abroad with funding support from the Government, regarding rights and obligation of “pay the administration.” Aimed at the administrative legal system and the study-abroad actual situations, this text applies literature review and participant observation as main research approaches. With the involvement of the relationship between legal system and the application of administrative actual cases, the Juristische Hermeneutik is also applied to all the text. Besides, as a qualitative supporting approach, questionnaire is adopted to five government-funded students who were involved in the “Administrative Agreement” and have returned, from their overseas study to Taiwan for mandatory service. Through this approach, the relative people of the agreement may share their opinions and views of its enforcement for study.
This research concludes that with regards to legal foundation, the “Administrative Agreement” for overseas study on Ministry of Education funds, originates from “pay the administration.” In terms of the attribution of the public power administration, all the contractual forms, effect of forms, and effect of contents should possess legal foundation, so as to meet the principal of “administration by law.” On the main level of operation in the actual situations, it involves the organization of policy, administrative management system, and dispute solutions. From a pragmatic perspective, a more flexible management can be adopted for administrative agreements when relevant legal theories are applicable, in spite of the enforcement of the public power administration. Accordingly, there still exits space for adjustment within.
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