海域執法-以海洋巡防總局登船檢查職權為中心

• Main Author: 曾彥雄
• Language: 中文
• Published: 國立政治大學
• Subjects: 海域執法; 釋字第535號; 登船檢查; 接近權; 緊追權; Maritime law enforcement; The right of approaching; hot pursuit; boarding and searching
• Online Access: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&i=sid=%22G0093651053%22.

海域執法係國家安全的基石，社會及經濟穩定的助力，科技的進步及人權高漲已是國際社會之趨勢。人民對法律執行的要求，已由被動轉而期待法律須符合時代潮流；演變迄今，對法律內容質疑的觀念，執法品質與標準，更而有主動審視能力。依大法官釋字第535 號解釋文要旨，人民對個人擁有基本權利之重視程度，尤其權利限制或禁止，執法人員更應謹慎嚴竣面對及維繋人民擁有之權益。行政院海岸巡防署為我國海域執法專責機構，其執法範圍包括內水、領海、鄰接區、經濟海域、大陸礁層至公海等，兼具國內與國際執法能量的巡防機關。所執行的法律，不僅要迎合國家情勢與社會人民期待，更需要符合國際海洋法所賦予沿海國管轄權利。 接近權、緊追權、登臨檢查權乃海域執法實施態樣中，與人民權利義務關係密切，且會侵害人民各種基本權利，由大法官釋字第535號解釋文可得知其對人民個人基本權利之重視程度，因此，為了維護人民權利，海域執法人員更應審慎面對。如有發生違法或不當情形時，並應給予人民有救濟之機會。 海域執法方式亦可分為對人、對物之執法及對船接近權、緊追權、登臨權方式，並討論海域執法方式及海域執法程序，且因海上執法程序包括攔停、登臨及行政檢查等程序，次再探討海域執法與刑事搜索、行政檢查之區別，最後再分析海巡機關執行行政檢查之相關問題點。巡防機關人員職權之行使困難度甚於陸上警察。基此，訂定專屬海岸巡防機關於執法時所依據之職權行使法律，務必能與法定任務相結合，以保障執法人員自身安全與民眾自由權利。 === Maritime law enforcement is the fundamental issue for the national security as well a great component for the social and economic stability. This is the trend of international society, especially on the aspects of the highly advancement of scientific technology and the upward surge of human right. People become non-passive on the carrying-out of .law enforcement without contortion and actively conform to the quality and standard of laws by the institutional performance. It is noted that people have serious considered their individual rights, especially to the limitation or prohibition of their rights after the release of 535 th solution by the grand justice. It is the obligation of law maker or practitioner to carefully examining people’s right.Coast Guard Administration of Executive Yuan is the sole institution responsible for maritime law enforcement. Its maritime law enforcement scope consists of internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf and the high seas. The CGA enforce the laws and conform to not only the nation, but also the international jurisdiction rights. The right of approaching, hot pursuit, boarding and searching are various types of the maritime power’s implementation,that has a affinity with the rights and obligations of people,often aggrieve human essential rights. From the 535th solution released by the grand justice conference, we can see the importance of human essential rights. Therefore, maritime law enforcement workers should face them more carefully and rigorously in order to protect human rights. When people were damaged by illegal or unmerited action of employees from the Coast Guard Administration that should give people chances to relieve.CGA is one domestic and special maritime enforcement institution, which ambit of law enforcement includes internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), continental shelf and high sea. Firstly, the methods of maritime law enforcement could be divided into three aspects: for humans, objects, and the boats including the right of approaching, right of hot pursuit, and boarding and inspection. Besides, the procedure of maritime law enforcement includes sea interception, boarding and inspection. Secondly, this study distinguishes among law enforcement, criminal rummage and detainment. Eventually, it analyzes the problems which occur during the task of coast guard institutions enforcing rummage. Overall, coast guard personal executes the task on the sea is certainly full of various risks and harassment which is more difficult than policemen does on land. Therefore, the exclusive laws of duty should be made for coast guard intuitions to obey in law enforcement and as to unify into statutory missions.