Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.

This thesis is based around examination of three mainstream inhaled drugs Formoterol, Budesonide and Beclomethasone for treatment of asthma and COPD. The areas investigated are these which have been raised in reports and studies, where there are concern, for drug use and assessment of their use....

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Main Author: Almeziny, Mohammed A.N.
Other Authors: Clark, Brian J.
Language:en
Published: University of Bradford 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4299
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spelling ndltd-BRADFORD-oai-bradscholars.brad.ac.uk-10454-42992019-09-24T03:02:01Z Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation. Almeziny, Mohammed A.N. Clark, Brian J. Chrystyn, Henry Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) Turbuhaler® Pressurised-metered-dose-inhalers (pMDIs) Breath-operated devices Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA Formoterol Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), Budesonide R Budesonide S, Beclomethasone Dose emission Aerodynamic analysis Valved holding chambers Metering performance Spacers Next generation cascade impactor (NGI) This thesis is based around examination of three mainstream inhaled drugs Formoterol, Budesonide and Beclomethasone for treatment of asthma and COPD. The areas investigated are these which have been raised in reports and studies, where there are concern, for drug use and assessment of their use. In reporting this work the literature study sets out a brief summary of the background and anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and then discuses the mechanism of drug deposition in the lung, as well as the methods of studying deposition and pulmonary delivery devices. This section includes the basis of asthma and COPD and its treatment. In addition, a short section is presented on the role of the pharmacist in improving asthma and COPD patient¿s care. Therefore the thesis is divided into 3 parts based around formoterol, budesonide and beclomethasone. In the first case the research determines the in-vitro performance of formoterol and budesonide in combination therapy. In the initial stage a new rapid, robust and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous assay of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide which are pharmacologically active. In the second section, the purpose was to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics for a combination of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide at inhalation flow rates of 28.3 and 60 L/min. The aerodynamic characteristics of the emitted dose were measured by an Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the next generation cascade impactor (NGI). In all aerodynamic characterisations, the differences between flow rates 28.3 and 60 were statistically significant in formoterol, budesonide R and budesonide S, while the differences between ACI and NGI at 60 were not statistically significant. Spacers are commonly used especially for paediatric and elderly patients. However, there is considerable discussion about their use and operation. In addition, the introduction of the HFAs propellants has led to many changes in the drug formulation characteristics. The purpose of the last section is to examine t h e performance of different types of spacers with different beclomethasone pMDIs. Also, it was to examine the hypothesis of whether the result of a specific spacer with a given drug/ brand name can be extrapolated to other pMDIs or brand names for the same drug. The results show that there are different effects on aerodynamic characterisation and there are significant differences in the amount of drug available for inhalation when different spacers are used as inhalation aids. Thus, the study shows that the result from experiments with a combination of a spacer and a device cannot be extrapolated to other combination. 2010-05-14T14:36:58Z 2010-05-14T14:36:58Z 2010-05-14T14:36:58Z 2009 Thesis doctoral PhD http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4299 en <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. University of Bradford School of Life Sciences
collection NDLTD
language en
sources NDLTD
topic Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
Turbuhaler®
Pressurised-metered-dose-inhalers (pMDIs)
Breath-operated devices
Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA
Formoterol
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC),
Budesonide R
Budesonide S,
Beclomethasone
Dose emission
Aerodynamic analysis
Valved holding chambers
Metering performance
Spacers
Next generation cascade impactor (NGI)
spellingShingle Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
Turbuhaler®
Pressurised-metered-dose-inhalers (pMDIs)
Breath-operated devices
Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA
Formoterol
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC),
Budesonide R
Budesonide S,
Beclomethasone
Dose emission
Aerodynamic analysis
Valved holding chambers
Metering performance
Spacers
Next generation cascade impactor (NGI)
Almeziny, Mohammed A.N.
Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.
description This thesis is based around examination of three mainstream inhaled drugs Formoterol, Budesonide and Beclomethasone for treatment of asthma and COPD. The areas investigated are these which have been raised in reports and studies, where there are concern, for drug use and assessment of their use. In reporting this work the literature study sets out a brief summary of the background and anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and then discuses the mechanism of drug deposition in the lung, as well as the methods of studying deposition and pulmonary delivery devices. This section includes the basis of asthma and COPD and its treatment. In addition, a short section is presented on the role of the pharmacist in improving asthma and COPD patient¿s care. Therefore the thesis is divided into 3 parts based around formoterol, budesonide and beclomethasone. In the first case the research determines the in-vitro performance of formoterol and budesonide in combination therapy. In the initial stage a new rapid, robust and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous assay of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide which are pharmacologically active. In the second section, the purpose was to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics for a combination of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide at inhalation flow rates of 28.3 and 60 L/min. The aerodynamic characteristics of the emitted dose were measured by an Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the next generation cascade impactor (NGI). In all aerodynamic characterisations, the differences between flow rates 28.3 and 60 were statistically significant in formoterol, budesonide R and budesonide S, while the differences between ACI and NGI at 60 were not statistically significant. Spacers are commonly used especially for paediatric and elderly patients. However, there is considerable discussion about their use and operation. In addition, the introduction of the HFAs propellants has led to many changes in the drug formulation characteristics. The purpose of the last section is to examine t h e performance of different types of spacers with different beclomethasone pMDIs. Also, it was to examine the hypothesis of whether the result of a specific spacer with a given drug/ brand name can be extrapolated to other pMDIs or brand names for the same drug. The results show that there are different effects on aerodynamic characterisation and there are significant differences in the amount of drug available for inhalation when different spacers are used as inhalation aids. Thus, the study shows that the result from experiments with a combination of a spacer and a device cannot be extrapolated to other combination.
author2 Clark, Brian J.
author_facet Clark, Brian J.
Almeziny, Mohammed A.N.
author Almeziny, Mohammed A.N.
author_sort Almeziny, Mohammed A.N.
title Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.
title_short Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.
title_full Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.
title_fullStr Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.
title_full_unstemmed Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.
title_sort performance of two different types of inhalers. influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation.
publisher University of Bradford
publishDate 2010
url http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4299
work_keys_str_mv AT almezinymohammedan performanceoftwodifferenttypesofinhalersinfluenceofflowandspaceronemitteddoseandaerodynamiccharacterisation
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