Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction

A biological marker of the addictive state would be a major breakthrough in objectively assessing the efficacy of treatment outcomes. Given its role in the mesolimbic system and drug reward, most biological marker studies for addiction focus on measures related to dopamine (DA). Dopamine is also imp...

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Main Author: Petrie, Jo Ann
Format: Others
Published: BYU ScholarsArchive 2012
Subjects:
EEG
ERP
VEP
Online Access:https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3411
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4410&context=etd
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spelling ndltd-BGMYU2-oai-scholarsarchive.byu.edu-etd-44102021-09-01T05:02:15Z Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction Petrie, Jo Ann A biological marker of the addictive state would be a major breakthrough in objectively assessing the efficacy of treatment outcomes. Given its role in the mesolimbic system and drug reward, most biological marker studies for addiction focus on measures related to dopamine (DA). Dopamine is also implicated in some disorders of visual attention and plays a modulatory role in the processing of color in the retinal DA pathway. For example, visual processing in the retina has been shown to co-vary with DA levels during cocaine withdrawal. In this electroencephalographic (EEG) study, we studied event related potentials (ERPs) and reaction time (RT) in opiate addicts—recruited from a community-based high intensity residential substance abuse and detoxification treatment program—and their age- and gender- matched controls. Using a visual color recognition Go/NoGo task with three similar blocks, participants responded in each block to a "Relevant" stimulus of one of three randomly-presented Red, Green or Blue light stimuli as instructed, while ignoring the other two "Irrelevant" stimuli. This simple task produced robust ERPs that were well-differentiated in the visual evoked potentials (VEPs) obtained by the Relevant stimulus compared to the VEPs from Irrelevant distractor stimuli. P300 ERP amplitudes from the color recognition task were significantly higher in males than females. Similar results were obtained with the frontal late positive (LP) potentials (i.e., 700 msec after stimulus onset), which occurred 200-300 msec after the average participant response/RT. While there were no significant RT differences between controls and addicts in the task, male controls had significantly greater P300 and LP potentials than female controls, suggesting sex differences in visual color processing. However, there were also significant differences in P300 amplitudes male controls and addiction participants—suggesting a difference in retinal DA production in opiate addiction. Further to the hypothesis of sex differences in visual color processing, P300s and LPs were not significantly different in female controls compared to female addicts. Changing the color wavelength of the Relevant stimulus did not significantly affect ERPs in males or females, controls or addicts at P300 but did at LP, particularly when the color blue was relevant. These findings suggest that there are significant sex differences in retinal DA production for opiate addicts and controls in visual processing for a simple Go/NoGo color recognition task. 2012-03-12T07:00:00Z text application/pdf https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3411 https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4410&context=etd http://lib.byu.edu/about/copyright/ Theses and Dissertations BYU ScholarsArchive EEG visual attention opiate addiction sex differences substance abuse color processing ERP VEP Psychology
collection NDLTD
format Others
sources NDLTD
topic EEG
visual attention
opiate addiction
sex differences
substance abuse
color processing
ERP
VEP
Psychology
spellingShingle EEG
visual attention
opiate addiction
sex differences
substance abuse
color processing
ERP
VEP
Psychology
Petrie, Jo Ann
Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction
description A biological marker of the addictive state would be a major breakthrough in objectively assessing the efficacy of treatment outcomes. Given its role in the mesolimbic system and drug reward, most biological marker studies for addiction focus on measures related to dopamine (DA). Dopamine is also implicated in some disorders of visual attention and plays a modulatory role in the processing of color in the retinal DA pathway. For example, visual processing in the retina has been shown to co-vary with DA levels during cocaine withdrawal. In this electroencephalographic (EEG) study, we studied event related potentials (ERPs) and reaction time (RT) in opiate addicts—recruited from a community-based high intensity residential substance abuse and detoxification treatment program—and their age- and gender- matched controls. Using a visual color recognition Go/NoGo task with three similar blocks, participants responded in each block to a "Relevant" stimulus of one of three randomly-presented Red, Green or Blue light stimuli as instructed, while ignoring the other two "Irrelevant" stimuli. This simple task produced robust ERPs that were well-differentiated in the visual evoked potentials (VEPs) obtained by the Relevant stimulus compared to the VEPs from Irrelevant distractor stimuli. P300 ERP amplitudes from the color recognition task were significantly higher in males than females. Similar results were obtained with the frontal late positive (LP) potentials (i.e., 700 msec after stimulus onset), which occurred 200-300 msec after the average participant response/RT. While there were no significant RT differences between controls and addicts in the task, male controls had significantly greater P300 and LP potentials than female controls, suggesting sex differences in visual color processing. However, there were also significant differences in P300 amplitudes male controls and addiction participants—suggesting a difference in retinal DA production in opiate addiction. Further to the hypothesis of sex differences in visual color processing, P300s and LPs were not significantly different in female controls compared to female addicts. Changing the color wavelength of the Relevant stimulus did not significantly affect ERPs in males or females, controls or addicts at P300 but did at LP, particularly when the color blue was relevant. These findings suggest that there are significant sex differences in retinal DA production for opiate addicts and controls in visual processing for a simple Go/NoGo color recognition task.
author Petrie, Jo Ann
author_facet Petrie, Jo Ann
author_sort Petrie, Jo Ann
title Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction
title_short Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction
title_full Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction
title_fullStr Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction
title_full_unstemmed Visual Attention, Color Processing and Physiological Measure Differences in Males and Females with Substance Abuse and Opiate Addiction
title_sort visual attention, color processing and physiological measure differences in males and females with substance abuse and opiate addiction
publisher BYU ScholarsArchive
publishDate 2012
url https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3411
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4410&context=etd
work_keys_str_mv AT petriejoann visualattentioncolorprocessingandphysiologicalmeasuredifferencesinmalesandfemaleswithsubstanceabuseandopiateaddiction
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