Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis

Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the development and progression of several chronic diseases may be initiated or augmented by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species react readily with and can damage nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. While biologi...

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Main Author: Garrett, Andrew Robert
Format: Others
Published: BYU ScholarsArchive 2011
Subjects:
Online Access:https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2735
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3734&context=etd
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spelling ndltd-BGMYU2-oai-scholarsarchive.byu.edu-etd-37342019-05-16T03:21:54Z Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis Garrett, Andrew Robert Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the development and progression of several chronic diseases may be initiated or augmented by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species react readily with and can damage nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. While biological systems are equipped antioxidant defenses to cope with oxidative stress, oxidative damage may still occur when oxidative stress overwhelms antioxidant defenses. This damage, if left unchecked, may lead to a variety of degenerative diseases, including heart disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease and cancer. Several assays have been designed to describe the antioxidant activity of various phytochemicals, vitamins, and other compounds. The ORAC and TOSC assays have emerged as industry standards for measuring antioxidant activity due to their high reliability and sensitivity. Until recently, however, little has been done to assess the relative correlation between these two assays. Furthermore, no assay has been developed to measure changes in antioxidant activities of cells in response to oxidative stress. The current work investigates the correlation between measured antioxidant activities of samples in the both the ORAC and TOSC assays. Recent antioxidant research also focuses on relating chemical structure to antioxidant activity. Previous research in this area has included a broad range of chemical groups, but no study has attempted to formulate a structure-function framework that has applicability to compounds of any group. The current work uses amino acids as a simplest-case model for studying the relationships between chemical structure and antioxidant activity. One particular area of emerging research has centered around comparing organic and conventionally grown food products. The impetus of these investigations lies in claims made by organic supporting groups that these food products are generally more beneficial than their conventional counterparts. Despite the rapid rise in popularity of organic foods, there remains a dearth of research investigating these claims. The current work compares the antioxidant activities of organic and conventionally grown blueberries and apples. 2011-06-10T07:00:00Z text application/pdf https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2735 https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3734&context=etd http://lib.byu.edu/about/copyright/ All Theses and Dissertations BYU ScholarsArchive antioxidants cancer prevention ORAC TOSC amino acid structure-function blueberries apples organic Microbiology
collection NDLTD
format Others
sources NDLTD
topic antioxidants
cancer
prevention
ORAC
TOSC
amino acid
structure-function
blueberries
apples
organic
Microbiology
spellingShingle antioxidants
cancer
prevention
ORAC
TOSC
amino acid
structure-function
blueberries
apples
organic
Microbiology
Garrett, Andrew Robert
Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis
description Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the development and progression of several chronic diseases may be initiated or augmented by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species react readily with and can damage nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. While biological systems are equipped antioxidant defenses to cope with oxidative stress, oxidative damage may still occur when oxidative stress overwhelms antioxidant defenses. This damage, if left unchecked, may lead to a variety of degenerative diseases, including heart disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease and cancer. Several assays have been designed to describe the antioxidant activity of various phytochemicals, vitamins, and other compounds. The ORAC and TOSC assays have emerged as industry standards for measuring antioxidant activity due to their high reliability and sensitivity. Until recently, however, little has been done to assess the relative correlation between these two assays. Furthermore, no assay has been developed to measure changes in antioxidant activities of cells in response to oxidative stress. The current work investigates the correlation between measured antioxidant activities of samples in the both the ORAC and TOSC assays. Recent antioxidant research also focuses on relating chemical structure to antioxidant activity. Previous research in this area has included a broad range of chemical groups, but no study has attempted to formulate a structure-function framework that has applicability to compounds of any group. The current work uses amino acids as a simplest-case model for studying the relationships between chemical structure and antioxidant activity. One particular area of emerging research has centered around comparing organic and conventionally grown food products. The impetus of these investigations lies in claims made by organic supporting groups that these food products are generally more beneficial than their conventional counterparts. Despite the rapid rise in popularity of organic foods, there remains a dearth of research investigating these claims. The current work compares the antioxidant activities of organic and conventionally grown blueberries and apples.
author Garrett, Andrew Robert
author_facet Garrett, Andrew Robert
author_sort Garrett, Andrew Robert
title Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis
title_short Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis
title_full Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis
title_fullStr Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Antioxidants in Cancer Research and Prevention: Assay Comparison, Structure-Function Analysis, and Food Product Analysis
title_sort antioxidants in cancer research and prevention: assay comparison, structure-function analysis, and food product analysis
publisher BYU ScholarsArchive
publishDate 2011
url https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2735
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3734&context=etd
work_keys_str_mv AT garrettandrewrobert antioxidantsincancerresearchandpreventionassaycomparisonstructurefunctionanalysisandfoodproductanalysis
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