刑事手段對醫療賠償訴訟之影響：以實證取向觀察與分析 The Impact of Criminal Procedures on Civil Cases of Medical Negligence Litigation: An Empirical Study

• Main Authors: 吳俊穎 Chun-Ying Wu, 楊增暐 Tseng-Wei Yang, 陳榮基 Rong-Chi Chen
• Format: Article
• Language: zho
• Published: National Chiao Tung University 2013-06-01
• Series: Kējì Fǎxué Pínglùn
• Subjects: 醫療糾紛; 刑事手段; 民事案件; 身體傷害; 實證研究; Medical Negligence Litigation; Criminal Procedures; Civil Cases; Body Injury; Empirical Study
• Online Access: http://www-old.itl.nctu.edu.tw/tlr_n/papers/ch_paper/10_1/10_1_4.pdf
• ISSN: 1811-3095

本研究依據 2002 年至2007 年間之民事訴訟案件作為實證分析題材，藉以探詢刑事訴追對民事審判是否構成實質影響，並進一步釐清「以刑逼民」的訴訟策略是否對於原告具有真正實益。我們發現580 件民事訴訟中，有245 件兼採刑事訴訟手段（42.2%），其中有57 件在偵查階段，99 件不起訴處分，已起訴階段者有12 件，進入審判後經判決無罪者37 件，有罪者40件。民事訴訟勝訴率與是否採取刑事手段無涉，但與刑事訴追的結果有密切相關：案件經檢察官偵查後不起訴者，病方的民事訴訟勝訴率為8.1%，偵查後起訴者其民事訴訟勝訴率為41.7%；進入法院經判決有罪及無罪者，病方之民事訴訟勝訴率分別為62.5% 及27.0%。此外，我們發現病患死亡或重傷者，兼採刑事訴訟的機會分別是輕傷的4.7 倍及1.8 倍；由檢察官偵查後，病患死亡的個案被起訴的機會為輕傷患者的三倍，但未達統計上的差異；經刑事庭審理結果，病患死亡以及重傷的個案，遭受判決有罪的機會都是輕傷者的兩倍，但也未達統計上之差異。根據研究顯示，民事訴訟的勝訴率雖與是否採刑事手段無涉，但與刑事訴追的結果有所牽連；而刑事訴追的結果，則與病患身體傷害程度息息相關。 We conducted an empirical study based on 580 civil cases of medical negligence litigations between 2002 and 2007 to examine the impact of criminal procedures on civil cases. We found 245 civil cases (42.2%) involving criminal procedures, including 57 cases in investigation stage, 99 cases not prosecuted, 12 cases in prosecution stage, 37 cases with non-guilty sentences, and 40 cases with guilty sentences. The chance to win a civil case was not associated with adopting criminal procedures, but significantly associated with the results of criminal procedures. The chances to win civil cases for the patients were 8.1% for cases not prosecuted, 41.7% for those prosecuted, 27.0% and 62.5% for those with non-guilty and guilty sentences, respectively. We further examined the association between the severity of body injury and the chance of adopting criminal procedures. We found civil cases involving death or major body injury were associated with 4.7 and 1.8 times’ chance of involving criminal procedures compared with those with mild body injury. The cases involving body injury with death had triple chance to be prosecuted compared with those with mild body injury, although not significantly. For those sent into criminal courts, cases involving death or major body injury were associated with twice chance to be sentenced as guilty, although not significantly. In conclusion, we found the results of criminal procedures were associated with the chance to win civil cases. The severity of body injury was the key issue to be associated with the results of criminal procedures.