The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.

The interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insects serve a classic example of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their target host. The cuticle, site of the first contact between insects and entomopathogenic fungus, is an important defensive barrier against pathogens. It is c...

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Main Authors: Agata Kaczmarek, Mieczysława Irena Boguś, Emilia Włóka, Anna Katarzyna Wrońska, Anna Krawiel, Michalina Kazek, Katarzyna Zalewska, Katarzyna Kłocińska-Biały, Martyna Sobocińska, Aleksandra Gliniewicz, Ewa Mikulak, Marta Matławska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2020-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235785
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spelling doaj-ff45ad53ce7a4ef0b3610e894224604e2021-03-03T21:59:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01157e023578510.1371/journal.pone.0235785The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.Agata KaczmarekMieczysława Irena BoguśEmilia WłókaAnna Katarzyna WrońskaAnna KrawielMichalina KazekKatarzyna ZalewskaKatarzyna Kłocińska-BiałyMartyna SobocińskaAleksandra GliniewiczEwa MikulakMarta MatławskaThe interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insects serve a classic example of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their target host. The cuticle, site of the first contact between insects and entomopathogenic fungus, is an important defensive barrier against pathogens. It is covered by a layer of lipids that appears to play a key role in these processes and cuticular free fatty acid (FFA) profiles are consider as a determinant of susceptibility, or resistance, to fungal infections. These profiles are species-specific. The cockroaches Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattidae) and Blatta orientalis (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) are unsusceptible to the soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae) infection, therefore we studied the profiles of FFAs in order to understand the defensive capabilities of the cockroaches. The fungus was cultivated for three weeks in minimal medium. Cell-free filtrate was obtained, assayed for elastase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, chitobiosidase and lipase activity, and then used for in vitro hydrolysis of the cuticle from wings and thoraces of adults and oothecae. The amounts of amino acids, N-glucosamine and FFAs released from the hydrolysed cuticle samples were measured after eight hours of incubation. The FFA profiles of the cuticle of adults, and the wings, thoraces and oothecae of both species were established using GC-MS and the results were correlated with the effectiveness of fungal proteases, chitinases and lipases in the hydrolyzation of cuticle samples. Positive correlations would suggest the existence of compounds used by the fungus as nutrients, whereas negative correlations may indicate that these compounds could be engaged in insect defence.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235785
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Agata Kaczmarek
Mieczysława Irena Boguś
Emilia Włóka
Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
Anna Krawiel
Michalina Kazek
Katarzyna Zalewska
Katarzyna Kłocińska-Biały
Martyna Sobocińska
Aleksandra Gliniewicz
Ewa Mikulak
Marta Matławska
spellingShingle Agata Kaczmarek
Mieczysława Irena Boguś
Emilia Włóka
Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
Anna Krawiel
Michalina Kazek
Katarzyna Zalewska
Katarzyna Kłocińska-Biały
Martyna Sobocińska
Aleksandra Gliniewicz
Ewa Mikulak
Marta Matławska
The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.
PLoS ONE
author_facet Agata Kaczmarek
Mieczysława Irena Boguś
Emilia Włóka
Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
Anna Krawiel
Michalina Kazek
Katarzyna Zalewska
Katarzyna Kłocińska-Biały
Martyna Sobocińska
Aleksandra Gliniewicz
Ewa Mikulak
Marta Matławska
author_sort Agata Kaczmarek
title The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.
title_short The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.
title_full The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.
title_fullStr The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.
title_full_unstemmed The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.
title_sort interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (ffas) of the cockroaches blattella germanica and blatta orientalis  and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus conidiobolus coronatus.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
series PLoS ONE
issn 1932-6203
publishDate 2020-01-01
description The interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insects serve a classic example of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their target host. The cuticle, site of the first contact between insects and entomopathogenic fungus, is an important defensive barrier against pathogens. It is covered by a layer of lipids that appears to play a key role in these processes and cuticular free fatty acid (FFA) profiles are consider as a determinant of susceptibility, or resistance, to fungal infections. These profiles are species-specific. The cockroaches Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattidae) and Blatta orientalis (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) are unsusceptible to the soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae) infection, therefore we studied the profiles of FFAs in order to understand the defensive capabilities of the cockroaches. The fungus was cultivated for three weeks in minimal medium. Cell-free filtrate was obtained, assayed for elastase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, chitobiosidase and lipase activity, and then used for in vitro hydrolysis of the cuticle from wings and thoraces of adults and oothecae. The amounts of amino acids, N-glucosamine and FFAs released from the hydrolysed cuticle samples were measured after eight hours of incubation. The FFA profiles of the cuticle of adults, and the wings, thoraces and oothecae of both species were established using GC-MS and the results were correlated with the effectiveness of fungal proteases, chitinases and lipases in the hydrolyzation of cuticle samples. Positive correlations would suggest the existence of compounds used by the fungus as nutrients, whereas negative correlations may indicate that these compounds could be engaged in insect defence.
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235785
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