The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.
The interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insects serve a classic example of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their target host. The cuticle, site of the first contact between insects and entomopathogenic fungus, is an important defensive barrier against pathogens. It is c...
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doaj-ff45ad53ce7a4ef0b3610e894224604e2021-03-03T21:59:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01157e023578510.1371/journal.pone.0235785The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus.Agata KaczmarekMieczysława Irena BoguśEmilia WłókaAnna Katarzyna WrońskaAnna KrawielMichalina KazekKatarzyna ZalewskaKatarzyna Kłocińska-BiałyMartyna SobocińskaAleksandra GliniewiczEwa MikulakMarta MatławskaThe interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insects serve a classic example of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their target host. The cuticle, site of the first contact between insects and entomopathogenic fungus, is an important defensive barrier against pathogens. It is covered by a layer of lipids that appears to play a key role in these processes and cuticular free fatty acid (FFA) profiles are consider as a determinant of susceptibility, or resistance, to fungal infections. These profiles are species-specific. The cockroaches Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattidae) and Blatta orientalis (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) are unsusceptible to the soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae) infection, therefore we studied the profiles of FFAs in order to understand the defensive capabilities of the cockroaches. The fungus was cultivated for three weeks in minimal medium. Cell-free filtrate was obtained, assayed for elastase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, chitobiosidase and lipase activity, and then used for in vitro hydrolysis of the cuticle from wings and thoraces of adults and oothecae. The amounts of amino acids, N-glucosamine and FFAs released from the hydrolysed cuticle samples were measured after eight hours of incubation. The FFA profiles of the cuticle of adults, and the wings, thoraces and oothecae of both species were established using GC-MS and the results were correlated with the effectiveness of fungal proteases, chitinases and lipases in the hydrolyzation of cuticle samples. Positive correlations would suggest the existence of compounds used by the fungus as nutrients, whereas negative correlations may indicate that these compounds could be engaged in insect defence.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235785 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Agata Kaczmarek Mieczysława Irena Boguś Emilia Włóka Anna Katarzyna Wrońska Anna Krawiel Michalina Kazek Katarzyna Zalewska Katarzyna Kłocińska-Biały Martyna Sobocińska Aleksandra Gliniewicz Ewa Mikulak Marta Matławska |
spellingShingle |
Agata Kaczmarek Mieczysława Irena Boguś Emilia Włóka Anna Katarzyna Wrońska Anna Krawiel Michalina Kazek Katarzyna Zalewska Katarzyna Kłocińska-Biały Martyna Sobocińska Aleksandra Gliniewicz Ewa Mikulak Marta Matławska The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Agata Kaczmarek Mieczysława Irena Boguś Emilia Włóka Anna Katarzyna Wrońska Anna Krawiel Michalina Kazek Katarzyna Zalewska Katarzyna Kłocińska-Biały Martyna Sobocińska Aleksandra Gliniewicz Ewa Mikulak Marta Matławska |
author_sort |
Agata Kaczmarek |
title |
The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. |
title_short |
The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. |
title_full |
The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. |
title_fullStr |
The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (FFAs) of the cockroaches Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. |
title_sort |
interaction between cuticle free fatty acids (ffas) of the cockroaches blattella germanica and blatta orientalis and hydrolases produced by the entomopathogenic fungus conidiobolus coronatus. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
The interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insects serve a classic example of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their target host. The cuticle, site of the first contact between insects and entomopathogenic fungus, is an important defensive barrier against pathogens. It is covered by a layer of lipids that appears to play a key role in these processes and cuticular free fatty acid (FFA) profiles are consider as a determinant of susceptibility, or resistance, to fungal infections. These profiles are species-specific. The cockroaches Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattidae) and Blatta orientalis (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) are unsusceptible to the soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae) infection, therefore we studied the profiles of FFAs in order to understand the defensive capabilities of the cockroaches. The fungus was cultivated for three weeks in minimal medium. Cell-free filtrate was obtained, assayed for elastase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, chitobiosidase and lipase activity, and then used for in vitro hydrolysis of the cuticle from wings and thoraces of adults and oothecae. The amounts of amino acids, N-glucosamine and FFAs released from the hydrolysed cuticle samples were measured after eight hours of incubation. The FFA profiles of the cuticle of adults, and the wings, thoraces and oothecae of both species were established using GC-MS and the results were correlated with the effectiveness of fungal proteases, chitinases and lipases in the hydrolyzation of cuticle samples. Positive correlations would suggest the existence of compounds used by the fungus as nutrients, whereas negative correlations may indicate that these compounds could be engaged in insect defence. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235785 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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