Isolation, chemical characterization and biological activity of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) root saponins

• Main Authors: Wiesław Oleszek, Marian Jurzysta
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Polish Botanical Society 2014-01-01
• Series: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
• Subjects: Medicago media roots; saponins; isolation; biological activity
• Online Access: https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp/article/view/3074

Saponins from alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) roots were isolated and their acid hydrolysis revealed several aglycones that were obtained in crystalline form and characterized. Medicagenic acid, hederagenin and soyasapogenols A. B, C. D, E and F were found. Crude saponins were separated into cholesterol-precipitable and nonprecipitable fractions. The precipitable fraction consisted of medicagenic acid glycosides: glucose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose were found as their sugar chain components. The nonprecipitable fraction was a mixture of hederagenine and soyasapogenol glycosides, and glucose arthinose. xylose. galactose and glucuronic acid were found in the sugar component,. 7 he medicagenic acid glycosides made up 6% of root dry matter and showed high biological activity. They cuased red blood cells lysis (haemolytic index 3000), completely inhibited Trichoderma viride growth at the concentration of 2.5 Mg. 100 cm-3 of growth medium and retarded wheat seedling growth at concentrations as low as 100 ppm. The cholesterol-nonprecipitable fraction caused no blood cell lysis and fungus growth inhibition, although it did inhibit seedling growth, but to a much lesser extent than medicagenic acrd glycosides. The detrimental effect of alfalfa root saponins on winter wheat crop after alfalfa is discussed.