Almighty Shahrashub types and the oldest Vocational Shahrashub

• Main Authors: Batul Mahdavi, Muhammad Behnamfar, Mostafa Shamsoddini
• Format: Article
• Language: fas
• Published: University of Isfahan 2016-05-01
• Series: Literary Arts
• Online Access: http://liar.ui.ac.ir/article_20553_782bcaccf84105851621dcea9c160eaf.pdf

AbstractOne type of Persian poetry, which was used as an amusement and rather unknown, is âShahrashubâ. Lexically, âShahrashubâ means a person who excites the people by his/ her beauty and, but in literary terms, it refers to the poems in which the poet praises or criticizes the city, people, and courtiers, or describes the artisans, their jobs and crafts. This kind of poetry divided into two categories, i.e. vocational and urban, has much benefit sociologically, due to including technical words and terms, as well as historically, politically, economically, and socially. Also, the vocational ones have educational features. Those written for describing jobs are stanza and quatrain, and those praising or criticizing a city are often in the form of elegy or couplet. âShahrashubâ can be found in Urdu, Arabic, and Turkish as well as Persian. However, in answering from what nation it is originated, it should be noted that professor Gibb, in his book âTurkish History of Literatureâ named this type of poetry as one of the Osmaniansâ inventions, but Edward Brown, unlike unaware of Masud Saâdâs Shahrashubs in the 5th century, doubted about Gibbâs assumption. Regarding the Urdu poets, the author of âKhorasani Style in Persian Poemâ affected by âArgumentsâ by Seyed Abdollah attributes the first Shahrashub to the Lahuri poet in India; however, providing some earlier documents and reasons, the author of âShahrashub in Persian Poemâ rejected Mahjubâs claim and knows it undoubtedly as one of the Iraniansâ inventions.The literature shows the first Shahrashubs by Masud Saâd in Persian; Muhammad Jaâfar Mahjub published an article titled âShahrashubâ in the book âWeekâ, in 1963, and attributed the oldest Shahrashub to Masud Saâd. After that, Golchin Maâani in his book âShahrashub in Persianâ (1966) introduced Masud Saâd as the inventor of this style. After them, other researchers and writers studying the works by Mahjub and Golchin named Masud Saâd as the oldest poets composing Shahrashub; some of them are mentioned here based on the chronology: (Dehkhoda: Shahrashub), (Masaheb: Shahrashub), âSilent Mountainâ (Nourian, 1985: 6), âLiterary Genresâ (Shamisa, 1990: 229), the article âA Review on Shahrashub by Lesani Shiraziâ (Shahrestani, 1997: 5), âPersian Poem Typesâ (Rastgarfasaee, 2001: 227), the article âThe Value and Significance of Shahrashubâ (Keshavarz Ghasemi, 2007: 37), the article âShahrashubâ (Nosrati Siahmezgi, 2007: 28), âLiterary Fun in Persian Poemâ (Daneshpajuh, 2001: 317), the article âSix Shahrashub Recovered from the 10th Centuryâ (Fazeli, Jahad: 2009: 120), and in the last article seen by the writers, there can be found no change in the previous assumptions (Dadabayov, 2012: 80). Studying the Shahrashubs by Masud Saâd, the writers of this article proved that there existed a background on composing Shahrashub by other poets; in other words, composing 92 stanzas in the form of a novel genre was not â¦â¦ and we could not know Masud Saâd as the inventor of this genre since several years before him, some like Ksaee Maruzi wrote some stanza describing professions: florist, launderer, drawer, and poets (Riyahi, 1996: 79, 87, and 88). Even Rudaki, prior to Kasaee wrote a quatrain describing the businesspeople (Nafisi, 2003: 516). Also, there is a quatrain by Abu Abdollah Muhammad Ibne Musa Faralavi, a contemporary poet to Rudaki, whose one verse is available (Lazar, 1982: 45). Moreover, many research resources studying Shahrashub forms, or Mahasti Ganjeiâs poems mentioned him as the first quatrain-writer in this field, which is rejected in this article due to mentioned evidence.Reference1.      Anvari, M. (1993). 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