Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Background: Detection techniques with high specificity, precision and accuracy are required for evidence of illicit drug intake. The study aim was to develop a low-concentration drug testing method for morphine and codeine in urine samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to estab...

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Main Authors: Sheng-Hui Tang, Chien-Huei Chuang, Shu-Fen Chen, Wei-Chen Chuang, Hung-Sheng Shang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2020-01-01
Series:Journal of Medical Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.jmedscindmc.com/article.asp?issn=1011-4564;year=2020;volume=40;issue=2;spage=68;epage=75;aulast=Tang
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spelling doaj-fe6b9c1073104c70989e395bbe991f052020-11-25T03:29:28ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Medical Sciences1011-45642020-01-01402687510.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_124_19Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometrySheng-Hui TangChien-Huei ChuangShu-Fen ChenWei-Chen ChuangHung-Sheng ShangBackground: Detection techniques with high specificity, precision and accuracy are required for evidence of illicit drug intake. The study aim was to develop a low-concentration drug testing method for morphine and codeine in urine samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a precise quantitative analytical method that improves upon limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy of currently available detection methods. Methods: Using a 300 ng/mL urine sample, solid phase extraction was performed using an automated solid phase method. All analyses were performed using a Hewlett-Packard (Palo Alto, CA) HP 6890 gas chromatograph interfaced to a HP 5973 mass selective detector (MSD) equipped with a DB-5MS column to acquire full-scan and SIM mass spectrometric data. Solid phase extraction was optimal at pH 9.0 in a 2 ml sample volume. An internal standard concentration of 100 ng/mL yielded optimal results. Results: Standard solution ranges (40-450 and 40-1500 ng/mL) significantly influenced LOQ. Calibration methods were not associated with LOD and LOQ for either MOR or COD. The intra- and inter-day precision values did not exceed 2% and were not different within groups. The accuracy of the examined method ranged from 97.8% to 103.3%. All parameters were validated in 33 clinical urine specimens. Conclusions: This developed method was successfully used for the determination of morphine and codeine in human urine for forensic identification. The examined protocol can be applied to simultaneous quantification of morphine and codeine at low concentration levels in urine.http://www.jmedscindmc.com/article.asp?issn=1011-4564;year=2020;volume=40;issue=2;spage=68;epage=75;aulast=Tanggas chromatography–mass spectrometryurine specimeninternal standard methodlimit of detectionlimit of quantitationmorphine; codeine
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Sheng-Hui Tang
Chien-Huei Chuang
Shu-Fen Chen
Wei-Chen Chuang
Hung-Sheng Shang
spellingShingle Sheng-Hui Tang
Chien-Huei Chuang
Shu-Fen Chen
Wei-Chen Chuang
Hung-Sheng Shang
Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Journal of Medical Sciences
gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
urine specimen
internal standard method
limit of detection
limit of quantitation
morphine; codeine
author_facet Sheng-Hui Tang
Chien-Huei Chuang
Shu-Fen Chen
Wei-Chen Chuang
Hung-Sheng Shang
author_sort Sheng-Hui Tang
title Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
title_short Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
title_full Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
title_fullStr Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
title_sort optimized procedures for simultaneous quantitation of low concentration levels of morphine and codeine in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
series Journal of Medical Sciences
issn 1011-4564
publishDate 2020-01-01
description Background: Detection techniques with high specificity, precision and accuracy are required for evidence of illicit drug intake. The study aim was to develop a low-concentration drug testing method for morphine and codeine in urine samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a precise quantitative analytical method that improves upon limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy of currently available detection methods. Methods: Using a 300 ng/mL urine sample, solid phase extraction was performed using an automated solid phase method. All analyses were performed using a Hewlett-Packard (Palo Alto, CA) HP 6890 gas chromatograph interfaced to a HP 5973 mass selective detector (MSD) equipped with a DB-5MS column to acquire full-scan and SIM mass spectrometric data. Solid phase extraction was optimal at pH 9.0 in a 2 ml sample volume. An internal standard concentration of 100 ng/mL yielded optimal results. Results: Standard solution ranges (40-450 and 40-1500 ng/mL) significantly influenced LOQ. Calibration methods were not associated with LOD and LOQ for either MOR or COD. The intra- and inter-day precision values did not exceed 2% and were not different within groups. The accuracy of the examined method ranged from 97.8% to 103.3%. All parameters were validated in 33 clinical urine specimens. Conclusions: This developed method was successfully used for the determination of morphine and codeine in human urine for forensic identification. The examined protocol can be applied to simultaneous quantification of morphine and codeine at low concentration levels in urine.
topic gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
urine specimen
internal standard method
limit of detection
limit of quantitation
morphine; codeine
url http://www.jmedscindmc.com/article.asp?issn=1011-4564;year=2020;volume=40;issue=2;spage=68;epage=75;aulast=Tang
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